First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics
•Coronavirus disease has emerged as a global pandemic.•Japan has experienced two waves of the disease.•The second wave had a lower proportion of severe cases on admission.
Saved in:
| Published in | The Journal of infection Vol. 82; no. 4; pp. 84 - 123 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2021
The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | •Coronavirus disease has emerged as a global pandemic.•Japan has experienced two waves of the disease.•The second wave had a lower proportion of severe cases on admission. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •Coronavirus disease has emerged as a global pandemic.•Japan has experienced two waves of the disease.•The second wave had a lower proportion of severe cases on admission. |
| Author | Saito, Sho Matsunaga, Nobuaki Hayakawa, Kayoko Ohmagari, Norio Tsuzuki, Shinya Terada, Mari Asai, Yusuke Ohtsu, Hiroshi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sho surname: Saito fullname: Saito, Sho email: ssaito@hosp.ncgm.go.jp organization: Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Yusuke surname: Asai fullname: Asai, Yusuke organization: AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Nobuaki surname: Matsunaga fullname: Matsunaga, Nobuaki organization: AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Kayoko surname: Hayakawa fullname: Hayakawa, Kayoko organization: Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Mari surname: Terada fullname: Terada, Mari organization: Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Hiroshi surname: Ohtsu fullname: Ohtsu, Hiroshi organization: Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Shinya surname: Tsuzuki fullname: Tsuzuki, Shinya organization: AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Norio surname: Ohmagari fullname: Ohmagari, Norio organization: Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33152376$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkUtvEzEUhS1URNPCH2CBZslmgh_zcoWQqtBCq0rdAEss-84d6jCxg-2kyr_HQ0oFXbSrKx2f71zrniNy4LxDQl4zOmeUNe-W86V1w5xTPglzKsQzMmO14CVvK35AZtkkyqqqxSE5inFJKZVCNi_IoRCs5qJtZuT7uQ0xFdr1RUTweSyuv118LJksbvUWY2FdcanX2p0UpwX41VoHG70r_FD0NqKOmLktBpt2f0LgRgcNKQsxWYgvyfNBjxFf3c1j8vX87Mvic3l1_elicXpVQt3yVA5G8x4kM0y2UEnTDl2Pfc9NA4yBNLTpUXPatbqmIDkI01AAKfkgjTadEcfkwz53vTEr7AFdCnpU62BXOuyU11b9_-Lsjfrht6ptaN3xOge8vQsI_tcGY1IrGwHHUTv0m6h4VXdUVK0U2frm3133S_4eNRv43gDBxxhwuLcwqqbm1FJNzampuUnLzWWoewCBTTpZP_3Xjo-j7_co5gtvLQYVwaID7G1ASKr39nH85AEOo3UW9PgTd0_BvwH1e8jm |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_4103_jgid_jgid_165_22 crossref_primary_10_1177_23998083221107019 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijn_ijn_350_21 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10787_022_01050_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000033069 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_3773625 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtbi_2023_111622 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_00190_0 crossref_primary_10_57187_smw_2023_40068 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_748316 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_062724 crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm11060483 crossref_primary_10_18231_j_ijmr_2022_018 crossref_primary_10_3390_v13122445 crossref_primary_10_3897_pharmacia_71_e122087 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtct_2022_03_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epidem_2022_100642 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2023_3117 crossref_primary_10_1097_IPC_0000000000001250 crossref_primary_10_4103_2221_6189_342665 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics13091645 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10389_021_01675_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_022_07413_3 crossref_primary_10_2196_31400 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_1028062 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics12010095 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_98617_1 crossref_primary_10_18087_cardio_2022_12_n2125 crossref_primary_10_4103_aian_aian_1048_21 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1111797 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1010406 crossref_primary_10_1093_jjco_hyad026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2023_101361 crossref_primary_10_1089_cyber_2021_0252 crossref_primary_10_1177_07487304221103376 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1180511 crossref_primary_10_2196_30006 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_45025 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjresp_2023_001667 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_22145_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiac_2023_09_005 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_061610 crossref_primary_10_1136_jech_2022_219367 crossref_primary_10_2188_jea_JE20220201 crossref_primary_10_3390_diseases10040100 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10157_021_02082_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijregi_2021_11_001 crossref_primary_10_52711_0974_360X_2024_00006 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0293846 crossref_primary_10_1111_jdi_13869 crossref_primary_10_2169_naika_110_2089 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44197_022_00052_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_054069 crossref_primary_10_35772_ghm_2022_01015 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2813_220228 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rce_2023_02_003 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_054469 crossref_primary_10_21802_gmj_2021_4_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2022_2135196 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2021_701638 crossref_primary_10_4081_monaldi_2021_2034 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_024_10342_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11357_024_01410_x crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2020_047007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idcr_2022_e01496 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijmr_ijmr_1628_21 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_9088393 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm11154304 crossref_primary_10_18332_pne_143224 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10554_022_02590_3 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_057725 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiac_2022_06_013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12875_025_02707_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2022_07_045 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_27293 crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10006_2106 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0950268821001837 crossref_primary_10_1111_eci_13465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e19490 crossref_primary_10_1186_s43055_023_01125_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm12134507 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00251_24 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rceng_2023_04_002 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1244002 crossref_primary_10_1142_S2424786324410019 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsif_2021_0112 crossref_primary_10_4103_bbrj_bbrj_2_23 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2021_04_024 crossref_primary_10_1080_17476348_2022_2145950 crossref_primary_10_4103_jfmpc_jfmpc_1726_21 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2020_582140 crossref_primary_10_11150_kansenshogakuzasshi_96_39 crossref_primary_10_31744_einstein_journal_2023AO0233 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4045393 crossref_primary_10_3389_fepid_2024_1342917 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15112 crossref_primary_10_1080_20009666_2021_1978154 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13538_021_00996_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_33929_y crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19031504 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2021_007076 crossref_primary_10_3390_children9050761 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2214_109X_21_00289_8 crossref_primary_10_1093_ckj_sfac239 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare10030439 crossref_primary_10_35772_ghm_2021_01058 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_022_05946_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02398_x crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph191912804 crossref_primary_10_4274_anatoljmed_2022_97947 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_35167 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanwpc_2022_100421 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanwpc_2021_100365 crossref_primary_10_1093_trstmh_trac046 crossref_primary_10_3164_jcbn_21_31 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2021_632933 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_055474 crossref_primary_10_4103_njcp_njcp_381_22 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.008 10.1001/jama.2020.15301 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 The British Infection Association 2020 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2020 The British Infection Association |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 The British Infection Association – notice: 2020 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2020 The British Infection Association |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Public Health |
| EISSN | 1532-2742 |
| EndPage | 123 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC7605825 33152376 10_1016_j_jinf_2020_10_033 S0163445320306939 |
| Genre | Letter Comment Commentary Correspondence |
| GeographicLocations | Japan |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Japan |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~. 1~5 3O- 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AAAJQ AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARKO AATTM AAWTL AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABFNM ABFRF ABGAM ABJNI ABMAC ABMZM ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIEU ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADVLN AEBSH AEFWE AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGCQF AGEKW AGHFR AGQPQ AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AI. AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV CAG CJTIS COF CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HEJ HMK HMO HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W J5H KOM L7B LUGTX M27 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OD- OO. OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- ROL RPZ SAE SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SEW SPCBC SSH SSZ T5K UHS VH1 WUQ YHZ Z5R ZGI ~G- AACTN AFCTW RIG SSI AAYXX AGRNS CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-fba2dc91b197c49b7f8dedd2b6c11c9b06dea2087a50c92c3b60cc992f9bab8b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0163-4453 1532-2742 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 14:12:08 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:28:34 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:48:35 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:00:46 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:01:09 EDT 2025 Sun Apr 06 06:54:21 EDT 2025 Tue Aug 26 16:45:25 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Severity Covid-19 Characteristics Mortality |
| Language | English |
| License | Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c572t-fba2dc91b197c49b7f8dedd2b6c11c9b06dea2087a50c92c3b60cc992f9bab8b3 |
| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Correspondence-1 ObjectType-Commentary-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7605825 |
| PMID | 33152376 |
| PQID | 2458034793 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 40 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7605825 proquest_miscellaneous_2458034793 pubmed_primary_33152376 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2020_10_033 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_jinf_2020_10_033 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jinf_2020_10_033 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_jinf_2020_10_033 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2021 text: 2021-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | The Journal of infection |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Infect |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The 6th advisory board for the control of COVID-19 Reference 3-1, 2020. Accessed 14 September 2020. Vahidy, Drews, Masud, Schwartz, Boom, Phillips (bib0002) 2020; 324 Fan, Yang, Lin, Zhao, Yang, He (bib0003) 2020 Liu, Zhou, Zhou, Wu, Zhao, Lu (bib0001) 2020; 81 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Domestic trend of COVID-19, 2020. Liu (10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0001) 2020; 81 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0005 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0004 Fan (10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0003) 2020 Vahidy (10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0002) 2020; 324 32305490 - J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):e95-e97 33301818 - J Infect. 2021 May;82(5):186-230 |
| References_xml | – volume: 324 start-page: 998 year: 2020 end-page: 1000 ident: bib0002 article-title: Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during initial peak and resurgence in the Houston metropolitan area publication-title: JAMA – reference: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The 6th advisory board for the control of COVID-19 Reference 3-1, 2020. – volume: 81 start-page: e95 year: 2020 end-page: e97 ident: bib0001 article-title: Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients publication-title: J. Infect. – year: 2020 ident: bib0003 article-title: Decreased case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the second wave: a study in 53 countries or regions publication-title: Transbound Emerg Dis – reference: . Accessed 14 September 2020. – reference: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Domestic trend of COVID-19, 2020. – volume: 81 start-page: e95 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0001 article-title: Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients publication-title: J. Infect. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.008 – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0003 article-title: Decreased case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the second wave: a study in 53 countries or regions publication-title: Transbound Emerg Dis – ident: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0004 – volume: 324 start-page: 998 issue: 10 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0002 article-title: Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during initial peak and resurgence in the Houston metropolitan area publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.15301 – ident: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033_bib0005 – reference: 33301818 - J Infect. 2021 May;82(5):186-230 – reference: 32305490 - J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):e95-e97 |
| SSID | ssj0009396 |
| Score | 2.6204267 |
| Snippet | •Coronavirus disease has emerged as a global pandemic.•Japan has experienced two waves of the disease.•The second wave had a lower proportion of severe cases... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 84 |
| SubjectTerms | Characteristics COVID-19 Humans Japan - epidemiology Length of Stay Letter to the Editor Mortality Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Severity Severity of Illness Index |
| Title | First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0163445320306939 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33152376 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2458034793 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7605825 |
| Volume | 82 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3daxQxEA-lgggiWj96VUsE3yS9zcd-xLfj9Lj2aAW12ieXfC1ukb3iXeubf7szu9nVU6zg00IyE0JmMjPZzPxCyPOcC4dQWUxrY5niTjHDlWdaCAseJnNFC-pzfJLNT9XRWXq2RaZ9LQymVUbb39n01lrHlnFczfFFXY_fQbAilcKHDSDs1RKL-JTKUcsPvv9M84COrMP3lgypY-FMl-N1DlKEM6LAhoNEyr85pz-Dz99zKH9xSrO75E6MJumkm_A9shWaHXLzON6X75Db3V852hUb3SefZjVEe9Q0nq7wJOzp9M2Hw1eMa_rNXIUVrRt6BO6zeUkn1A1PFNJlReNNDvCB8kPo3g7iNuGeH5DT2ev30zmLLywwl-ZizSprhHeaW65zp7TNq8IH74XNHOdO2yTzwYikyE2aOC2ctFninNai0tbYwsqHZLtZNmGX0BQGSUJVmJAVyjsLlCo4iwCEFRZ2jQjvl7Z0EX4cX8H4UvZ5ZucliqNEcWAbiGNEXgw8Fx34xrXUspdY2ZeVgiEswTdcy5UOXBuK90--Z71SlLAj8ZrFNGF5uSqFSoukLdAdkUedkgyzlxLiJbDpI5JvqM9AgGjfmz1N_blF_c7xAluke_8538fklsB0nDbp6AnZXn-9DE8hnlrb_XbD7JMbk8PF_AS_i7cfFz8AfNkgsw |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6VIgESQlAoXZ5G4obcjR95mFu1sNqWbjnQop6I_IpIhbJVdws3fjvjxAksiCJxjO2xLM94ZhzPfAPwMmfcBqgsqpQ2VDIrqWbSUcW5QQuT2aIF9ZkfZbMTeXCanm7ApM-FCWGVUfd3Or3V1rFlHHdzfF7X4w_orAgpQ2EDdHuVUNfgOn4VoYzB7vefcR7Yk3UA34KG4TFzpgvyOkM24iWRh4bdRIi_Wac_vc_fgyh_sUrTu3AnupNkr1vxPdjwzRbcmMcH8y243f2WI1220X34NK3R3SO6cWQZrsKOTN5_3H9DmSLf9Fe_JHVDDtB-Nq_JHrFDjUKyqEh8ykE6lH703dtJ7Dre8wM4mb49nsxoLLFAbZrzFa2M5s4qZpjKrVQmrwrnneMms4xZZZLMec2TItdpYhW3wmSJtUrxShltCiO2YbNZNH4HSIqTJL4qtM8K6azBkdJbExAIq5DZNQLWb21pI_54KIPxpewDzc7KwI4ysCO0ITtG8GqgOe_QN64cLXqOlX1eKWrCEo3DlVTpQLUmef-ke9ELRYlHMryz6MYvLpcll2mRtBm6I3jYCcmweiHQYUKlPoJ8TXyGAQHue72nqT-3sN95eMHm6aP_XO9zuDk7nh-Wh_tH7x7DLR5ic9oIpCewubq49E_RuVqZZ-3h-QHXTSCe |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+and+second+COVID-19+waves+in+Japan%3A+A+comparison+of+disease+severity+and+characteristics&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infection&rft.au=Saito%2C+Sho&rft.au=Asai%2C+Yusuke&rft.au=Matsunaga%2C+Nobuaki&rft.au=Hayakawa%2C+Kayoko&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft.issn=1532-2742&rft.eissn=1532-2742&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=84&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jinf.2020.10.033&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0163-4453&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0163-4453&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0163-4453&client=summon |