Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well...
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| Published in | Journal of autoimmunity Vol. 114; p. 102506 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines.
•Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2.•Bystander activation and molecular mimicry could explain the appearance of these conditions.•In severe and critical patients, a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and a hypercoagulable state occur and may overlap.•CSS may promote the appearance of autoimmune and autoinflammatory-like conditions.•These observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. |
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| AbstractList | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. • Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2. • Bystander activation and molecular mimicry could explain the appearance of these conditions. • In severe and critical patients, a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and a hypercoagulable state occur and may overlap. • CSS may promote the appearance of autoimmune and autoinflammatory-like conditions. • These observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. •Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2.•Bystander activation and molecular mimicry could explain the appearance of these conditions.•In severe and critical patients, a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and a hypercoagulable state occur and may overlap.•CSS may promote the appearance of autoimmune and autoinflammatory-like conditions.•These observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines. |
| ArticleNumber | 102506 |
| Author | Ridgway, William M. Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny Gershwin, M. Eric Novelli, Lucia Anaya, Juan-Manuel Ansari, Aftab A. Ramírez-Santana, Carolina Costanzo, Antonio De Santis, Maria Selmi, Carlo Rojas, Manuel Monsalve, Diana M. Rodríguez, Yhojan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yhojan surname: Rodríguez fullname: Rodríguez, Yhojan organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 2 givenname: Lucia surname: Novelli fullname: Novelli, Lucia organization: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Manuel surname: Rojas fullname: Rojas, Manuel organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 4 givenname: Maria surname: De Santis fullname: De Santis, Maria organization: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Yeny surname: Acosta-Ampudia fullname: Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 6 givenname: Diana M. surname: Monsalve fullname: Monsalve, Diana M. organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 7 givenname: Carolina surname: Ramírez-Santana fullname: Ramírez-Santana, Carolina organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia – sequence: 8 givenname: Antonio surname: Costanzo fullname: Costanzo, Antonio organization: Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy – sequence: 9 givenname: William M. surname: Ridgway fullname: Ridgway, William M. organization: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Aftab A. surname: Ansari fullname: Ansari, Aftab A. organization: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: M. Eric surname: Gershwin fullname: Gershwin, M. Eric email: megershwin@ucdavis.edu organization: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Carlo surname: Selmi fullname: Selmi, Carlo email: carlo.selmi@hunimed.eu organization: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Rozzano, Milan, Italy – sequence: 13 givenname: Juan-Manuel surname: Anaya fullname: Anaya, Juan-Manuel email: juan.anaya@urosario.edu.co organization: Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563547$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 Autoimmunity SARS-CoV-2 Kawasaki disease Cytokine storm syndrome Vaccines Cytopenia Guillain-Barré syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptive Immunity - genetics Antiphospholipid syndrome Autoimmune Diseases - diagnosis Autoimmune Diseases - immunology Autoimmune Diseases - therapy Autoimmune Diseases - virology Autoimmunity Betacoronavirus - immunology Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - immunology Coronavirus Infections - therapy COVID-19 COVID-19 Testing Critical Illness Cytokine Release Syndrome - diagnosis Cytokine Release Syndrome - immunology Cytokine Release Syndrome - therapy Cytokine Release Syndrome - virology Cytokine storm syndrome Cytopenia Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Guillain-Barré syndrome Humans Immunity, Innate - genetics Immunization, Passive - methods Inflammation Mediators - blood Inflammation Mediators - immunology Kawasaki disease Macrophage Activation - genetics Macrophage Activation - immunology Male Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - immunology Pneumonia, Viral - therapy Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Severity of Illness Index Sex Factors Vaccines |
| Title | Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19 |
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