pH-dependent toxicity of copper and uranium to a tropical freshwater alga ( Chlorella sp.)
Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to tropical freshwater algae are currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate th...
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Published in | Aquatic toxicology Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 275 - 289 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.03.2000
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to tropical freshwater algae are currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pH (5.7 and 6.5) on the toxicity of Cu and U to the green alga
Chlorella sp. in a synthetic softwater representative of fresh surface waters in sandy-streams of tropical northern Australia. The effects of Cu and U on algal growth (cell division) rate after a 72-h exposure were determined. Intracellular and extracellular (membrane-bound) metal concentrations at the two selected pH values were also compared. Based on the 72-h minimum detectable effect concentrations (
MDEC),
Chlorella sp. was approximately 20-fold more sensitive to Cu (0.7 and 1.4 μg l
−1 at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively) than U (13 and 34 μg l
−1 at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively), and more sensitive than other Australian tropical freshwater organisms. The toxicity of Cu and U was highly pH-dependent. Copper concentrations required to inhibit growth (cell division) rate by 50% (72-h
EC
50) increased from 1.5 to 35 μg l
−1 as the pH decreased from 6.5 to 5.7. Similarly, the 72-h
EC
50 values for U increased from 44 to 78 μg l
−1 over the same pH range. Calculation of Cu and U speciation using the geochemical model HARPHRQ, showed that differences in the concentrations of the free metal ions (Cu
2+ and UO
2
2+) were only minimal (<10%) between pH 5.7 and 6.5. The decreased toxicity at pH 5.7 was due to lower concentrations of cell-bound and intracellular Cu and U compared to those at pH 6.5. These results are explained in terms of the possible mechanism of competition between H
+ and the metal ion at the cell surface. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to tropical freshwater algae are currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pH (5.7 and 6.5) on the toxicity of Cu and U to the green alga
Chlorella sp. in a synthetic softwater representative of fresh surface waters in sandy-streams of tropical northern Australia. The effects of Cu and U on algal growth (cell division) rate after a 72-h exposure were determined. Intracellular and extracellular (membrane-bound) metal concentrations at the two selected pH values were also compared. Based on the 72-h minimum detectable effect concentrations (
MDEC),
Chlorella sp. was approximately 20-fold more sensitive to Cu (0.7 and 1.4 μg l
−1 at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively) than U (13 and 34 μg l
−1 at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively), and more sensitive than other Australian tropical freshwater organisms. The toxicity of Cu and U was highly pH-dependent. Copper concentrations required to inhibit growth (cell division) rate by 50% (72-h
EC
50) increased from 1.5 to 35 μg l
−1 as the pH decreased from 6.5 to 5.7. Similarly, the 72-h
EC
50 values for U increased from 44 to 78 μg l
−1 over the same pH range. Calculation of Cu and U speciation using the geochemical model HARPHRQ, showed that differences in the concentrations of the free metal ions (Cu
2+ and UO
2
2+) were only minimal (<10%) between pH 5.7 and 6.5. The decreased toxicity at pH 5.7 was due to lower concentrations of cell-bound and intracellular Cu and U compared to those at pH 6.5. These results are explained in terms of the possible mechanism of competition between H
+ and the metal ion at the cell surface. Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to tropical freshwater algae are currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pH (5.7 and 6.5) on the toxicity of Cu and U to the green alga Chlorella sp. in a synthetic softwater representative of fresh surface waters in sandy-streams of tropical northern Australia. The effects of Cu and U on algal growth (cell division) rate after a 72-h exposure were determined. Intracellular and extracellular (membrane-bound) metal concentrations at the two selected pH values were also compared. Based on the 72-h minimum detectable effect concentrations (MDEC), Chlorella sp. was approximately 20-fold more sensitive to Cu (0.7 and 1.4 µg l(-1) at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively) than U (13 and 34 µg l(-1) at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively), and more sensitive than other Australian tropical freshwater organisms. The toxicity of Cu and U was highly pH-dependent. Copper concentrations required to inhibit growth (cell division) rate by 50% (72-h EC(50)) increased from 1.5 to 35 µg l(-1) as the pH decreased from 6.5 to 5.7. Similarly, the 72-h EC(50) values for U increased from 44 to 78 µg l(-1) over the same pH range. Calculation of Cu and U speciation using the geochemical model HARPHRQ, showed that differences in the concentrations of the free metal ions (Cu(2+) and UO(2)(2+)) were only minimal (<10%) between pH 5.7 and 6.5. The decreased toxicity at pH 5.7 was due to lower concentrations of cell-bound and intracellular Cu and U compared to those at pH 6.5. These results are explained in terms of the possible mechanism of competition between H(+) and the metal ion at the cell surface. Mining activity in northern Australia exposes freshwater organisms, including Chlorella sp., a green alga to uranium and copper. The toxicity of these substances at pH 6.5 or 5.7 to this organism was studied in surface water taken from a sandy bottom creek located in the Northern Territory. For both pH levels, algae were about 20 times more sensitive copper than to uranium after 72 hours of exposure. The algae were also more sensitive than other tropical freshwater organisms indigenous to Australia as determined in other studied. At the lower pH, greater concentrations of copper and uranium were required to reduce the growth rate by half. However, for both metals, the difference in free metal ion concentrations between the two pHs, was less than 10%. At the lower pH, the amounts of intracellular and cell-bound metals were below the amounts demonstrated at the higher pH, possibly due to competition with hydrogen ions at the surface of the cell. Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to tropical freshwater algae are currently available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pH (5.7 and 6.5) on the toxicity of Cu and U to the green alga Chlorella sp. in a synthetic softwater representative of fresh surface waters in sandy-streams of tropical northern Australia. The effects of Cu and U on algal growth (cell division) rate after a 72-h exposure were determined. Intracellular and extracellular (membrane-bound) metal concentrations at the two selected pH values were also compared. Based on the 72-h minimum detectable effect concentrations (MDEC), Chlorella sp. was approximately 20-fold more sensitive to Cu (0.7 and 1.4 mu g l super(-1) at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively) than U (13 and 34 mu g l super(-1) at pH 6.5 and 5.7, respectively), and more sensitive than other Australian tropical freshwater organisms. The toxicity of Cu and U was highly pH-dependent. Copper concentrations required to inhibit growth (cell division) rate by 50% (72-h EC sub(50)) increased from 1.5 to 35 mu g l super(-1) as the pH decreased from 6.5 to 5.7. Similarly, the 72-h EC sub(50) values for U increased from 44 to 78 mu g l super(-1) over the same pH range. Calculation of Cu and U speciation using the geochemical model HARPHRQ, showed that differences in the concentrations of the free metal ions (Cu super(2+) and UO sub(2) super(2+)) were only minimal (<10%) between pH 5.7 and 6.5. The decreased toxicity at pH 5.7 was due to lower concentrations of cell-bound and intracellular Cu and U compared to those at pH 6.5. These results are explained in terms of the possible mechanism of competition between H super(+) and the metal ion at the cell surface. |
Author | Lim, Richard P. Markich, Scott J. Stauber, Jennifer L. Franklin, Natasha M. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Natasha M. surname: Franklin fullname: Franklin, Natasha M. email: natasha.franklin@det.csiro.au organization: Centre for Advanced Analytical Chemistry, CSIRO Energy Technology, PMB 7, Bangor, NSW 2234, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Jennifer L. surname: Stauber fullname: Stauber, Jennifer L. organization: Centre for Advanced Analytical Chemistry, CSIRO Energy Technology, PMB 7, Bangor, NSW 2234, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Scott J. surname: Markich fullname: Markich, Scott J. organization: Environment Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard P. surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Richard P. organization: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia |
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Keywords | pH Uranium Copper Toxicity Algae Chlorella Tropical zone Environmental factor Chlorophyceae Heavy metal Freshwater environment Chlorophyta Thallophyta |
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PublicationDate | 2000-03-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2000-03-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2000 text: 2000-03-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2000 |
PublicationPlace | Amsterdam |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Amsterdam – name: Netherlands |
PublicationTitle | Aquatic toxicology |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Aquat Toxicol |
PublicationYear | 2000 |
Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier Science |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier Science |
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Snippet | Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical freshwater organisms in northern Australia as a result of mining activity. No... Mining activity in northern Australia exposes freshwater organisms, including Chlorella sp., a green alga to uranium and copper. The toxicity of these... |
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SubjectTerms | Algae Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Australia Biological and medical sciences Chlorella Copper Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Toxicity Uranium |
Title | pH-dependent toxicity of copper and uranium to a tropical freshwater alga ( Chlorella sp.) |
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