Common hepatitis B virus genotypes among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria

• Published in: The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 228 - 235
• Main Authors: Uche, Ebele, Chukwukaodinaka, Nwakaego, Akinbami, Akinsegun, Adeyemi, Oluwatosin, Hassan, Aderonke, Bamiro, Rafah, Ibrahim, Ismaila, Suleiman, Aisha, Augustine, Benjamin, Anaduaka, Doris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Mumbai Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.07.2022; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Blood & organ donations; Blood donors; Blood transfusion; Complications and side effects; Disease transmission; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Hepatitis B; hepatitis b virus; Infections; Liver cirrhosis; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; rapid kit; Risk factors; screening; Statistics; Nigeria; rapid kit; screening; hepatitis B virus; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genotype
• DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_19_22
• ISSN: 1117-1936

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the public health diseases causing global health problems. It is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood transfusion is a major route of its transmission and screening of blood is suboptimal in our environment. Occult HBV infection describes the presence of HBV DNA in blood or liver tissue in patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegative. This study documented the common genotypes of HBV a blood-borne infection in the population of blood donors in Lagos. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the blood donor clinics of ten Lagos State Government-owned hospitals in Lagos State. A total of 1400 participants were recruited consecutively from November 2020 to June 2021. All participants' samples were screened using Diaspot Rapid Test Kit (RTK) and Dialabenzyme enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Furthermore, some of the plasma samples were used for HBV DNA extraction and genotyping using the real time-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 and P value was considered significant at ≤0.05. Results: The sero-prevalence of HBsAg using RTK and ELISA was 19.9% and 22.4%, respectively. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was 5.2%. A total of 278 and 313 HBsAg RTK and ELISA positive samples were obtained, respectively. HBV genotype result had A (46.6%) as the most prevalent followed closely by B (44.7%), E (23.8%), D (20.9%) and C (11.2%). Conclusion: HBV infection has a high prevalence among blood donors. ELISA is a more sensitive screening tool and its use should be advocated nationally. HBV genotype A is the most prevalent genotype from our study.