Molecular subtypes and the evolution of treatment management in metastatic colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multip...

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Published inTherapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology Vol. 12; p. 1758835920936089
Main Authors Martini, Giulia, Dienstmann, Rodrigo, Ros, Javier, Baraibar, Iosune, Cuadra-Urteaga, Jose Luis, Salva, Francesc, Ciardiello, Davide, Mulet, Nuria, Argiles, Guillem, Tabernero, Josep, Elez, Elena
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 2020
Sage Publications Ltd
SAGE Publishing
Subjects
Biopsy
Chemotherapy
Clonal selection
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
DNA damage
DNA repair
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor receptors
ErbB-2 protein
Genomic analysis
Metastases
Metastasis
Review
colorectal cancer
RAS
biomarkers
EGFR
molecular classification
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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multiple levels in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAFV600E, and in the HER2 and MET receptors. These alterations represent oncogenic drivers that may co-exist in the same tumor with other primary and acquired alterations via a clonal selection process. Other molecular alterations include DNA damage repair mechanisms and rare kinase fusions, potentially offering a rationale for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, genomic analysis has been expanded by a more complex study of epigenomic, transcriptomic, and microenvironment features. The Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification describes four CRC subtypes with distinct biological characteristics that show prognostic and potential predictive value in the clinical setting. Here, we review the panorama of actionable targets in CRC, and the developments in more recent molecular tests, such as liquid biopsy analysis, which are increasingly offering clinicians a means of ensuring optimal tailored treatments for patients with metastatic CRC according to their evolving molecular profile and treatment history.
AbstractList Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multiple levels in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF V600E, and in the HER2 and MET receptors. These alterations represent oncogenic drivers that may co-exist in the same tumor with other primary and acquired alterations via a clonal selection process. Other molecular alterations include DNA damage repair mechanisms and rare kinase fusions, potentially offering a rationale for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, genomic analysis has been expanded by a more complex study of epigenomic, transcriptomic, and microenvironment features. The Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification describes four CRC subtypes with distinct biological characteristics that show prognostic and potential predictive value in the clinical setting. Here, we review the panorama of actionable targets in CRC, and the developments in more recent molecular tests, such as liquid biopsy analysis, which are increasingly offering clinicians a means of ensuring optimal tailored treatments for patients with metastatic CRC according to their evolving molecular profile and treatment history.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multiple levels in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations in KRAS, NRAS, and BRAFV600E, and in the HER2 and MET receptors. These alterations represent oncogenic drivers that may co-exist in the same tumor with other primary and acquired alterations via a clonal selection process. Other molecular alterations include DNA damage repair mechanisms and rare kinase fusions, potentially offering a rationale for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, genomic analysis has been expanded by a more complex study of epigenomic, transcriptomic, and microenvironment features. The Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification describes four CRC subtypes with distinct biological characteristics that show prognostic and potential predictive value in the clinical setting. Here, we review the panorama of actionable targets in CRC, and the developments in more recent molecular tests, such as liquid biopsy analysis, which are increasingly offering clinicians a means of ensuring optimal tailored treatments for patients with metastatic CRC according to their evolving molecular profile and treatment history.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several molecular alterations that confer resistance to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified at multiple levels in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations in KRAS, NRAS , and BRAF V600E , and in the HER2 and MET receptors. These alterations represent oncogenic drivers that may co-exist in the same tumor with other primary and acquired alterations via a clonal selection process. Other molecular alterations include DNA damage repair mechanisms and rare kinase fusions, potentially offering a rationale for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, genomic analysis has been expanded by a more complex study of epigenomic, transcriptomic, and microenvironment features. The Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification describes four CRC subtypes with distinct biological characteristics that show prognostic and potential predictive value in the clinical setting. Here, we review the panorama of actionable targets in CRC, and the developments in more recent molecular tests, such as liquid biopsy analysis, which are increasingly offering clinicians a means of ensuring optimal tailored treatments for patients with metastatic CRC according to their evolving molecular profile and treatment history.
Author Dienstmann, Rodrigo
Ros, Javier
Baraibar, Iosune
Ciardiello, Davide
Elez, Elena
Mulet, Nuria
Martini, Giulia
Cuadra-Urteaga, Jose Luis
Tabernero, Josep
Salva, Francesc
Argiles, Guillem
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  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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  surname: Baraibar
  fullname: Baraibar, Iosune
  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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  givenname: Jose Luis
  surname: Cuadra-Urteaga
  fullname: Cuadra-Urteaga, Jose Luis
  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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  organization: Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
– sequence: 10
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  surname: Tabernero
  fullname: Tabernero, Josep
  organization: Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Elena
  surname: Elez
  fullname: Elez, Elena
  email: meelez@vhio.net
  organization: Vall D’Hebron Institute of Oncology P/Vall D’Hebron 119-121, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
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Keywords colorectal cancer
RAS
biomarkers
EGFR
molecular classification
Language English
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Snippet Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease representing a therapeutic challenge, which is further complicated by the common occurrence of several...
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SubjectTerms Biopsy
Chemotherapy
Clonal selection
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
DNA damage
DNA repair
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor receptors
ErbB-2 protein
Genomic analysis
Metastases
Metastasis
Review
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Title Molecular subtypes and the evolution of treatment management in metastatic colorectal cancer
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Volume 12
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