Aberrant MCM10 SUMOylation induces genomic instability mediated by a genetic variant associated with survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

• Published in: Clinical and translational medicine Vol. 11; no. 6; pp. e485 - n/a
• Main Authors: Tian, Jianbo, Lu, Zequn, Niu, Siyuan, Zhang, Shanshan, Ying, Pingting, Wang, Lu, Zhang, Ming, Cai, Yimin, Dong, Tianyi, Zhu, Ying, Zhong, Rong, Wang, Zhihua, Chang, Jiang, Miao, Xiaoping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2021; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Cancer therapies; Cell division; Cell Proliferation; Clinical medicine; CRISPR; Disease Progression; ESCC; Esophageal cancer; Esophageal Neoplasms - drug therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics; Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality; Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - drug therapy; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - genetics; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - mortality; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - pathology; Ewings sarcoma; Female; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genomes; Genomic Instability; Humans; Licenses; MCM10; Medical prognosis; Metastasis; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins - chemistry; Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins - genetics; Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins - metabolism; Mutation; Plasmids; Prognosis; Proteins; Signal transduction; Squamous cell carcinoma; SUMOylation; survival; Survival analysis; Survival Rate; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; United States > US; China; MCM10; SUMOylation; genomic instability; ESCC; survival
• DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.485
• ISSN: 2001-1326

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancy with an inferior prognosis outcome. DNA replication licensing aberration induced by dysregulation of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) causes genomic instability and cancer metastasis. SUMOylation modification plays a pivotal role in regulation of genomic integrity, while its dysregulation fueled by preexisting germline variants in cancers remains poorly understood. Methods Firstly, we conducted two‐stage survival analysis consisting of an exome‐wide association study in 904 ESCC samples and another independent 503 ESCC samples. Then, multipronged functional experiments were performed to illuminate the potential biological mechanisms underlying the promising variants, and MCM10 influences the ESCC progression. Finally, we tested the effects of MCM10 inhibitors on ESCC cells. Results A germline variant rs2274110 located at the exon 15 of MCM10 was identified to be significantly associated with the prognosis of ESCC patients. Individuals carrying rs2274110‐AA genotypes confer a poor survival (hazard ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–1.93, p = 1.35 × 10−7), compared with subjects carrying rs2274110‐AG/GG genotypes. Furthermore, we interestingly found that the variant can increase SUMOylation levels at K669 site (Lys[K]699Arg[R]) of MCM10 protein mediated by SUMO2/3 enzymes, which resulted in an aberrant overexpression of MCM10. Mechanistically, aberrant overexpression of MCM10 facilitated the proliferation and metastasis abilities of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing DNA over‐replication and genomic instability, providing functional evidence to support our population finding that high expression of MCM10 is extensively presented in tumor tissues of ESCC and correlated with inferior survival outcomes of multiple cancer types, including ESCC. Finally, MCM10 inhibitors Suramin and its analogues were revealed to effectively block the metastasis of ESCC cells. Conclusions These findings not only demonstrate a potential biological mechanism between aberrant SUMOylation, genomic instability and cancer metastasis, but also provide a promising biomarker aiding in stratifying ESCC individuals with different prognosis, as well as a potential therapeutic target MCM10. A two‐stage survival study consisting of 1407 subjects finds a significant association between MCM10‐rs2274110 and ESCC survival. The MCM10 variant can increase MCM10 SUMOylation levels and result in MCM10 aberrant overexpression, which facilitates ESCC cells proliferation and migration by inducing genomic instability. The MCM10 inhibitors Suramin and its analogues can block ESCC cells metastasis.