Next‐Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle‐Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery

Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nu...

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Published inAdvanced healthcare materials Vol. 10; no. 8; pp. e2001812 - n/a
Main Authors Ho, William, Gao, Mingzhu, Li, Fengqiao, Li, Zhongyu, Zhang, Xue‐Qing, Xu, Xiaoyang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
Acids
Adaptability
Antigens
Clinical trials
COVID-19
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA vaccines
Gene sequencing
Humans
Humoral immunity
Immune response
Immune system
Immunization
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
Nanoparticles
nucleic acid
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide sequence
Pandemics
Review
RNA, Messenger
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Stimulation
vaccine delivery
Vaccines
Viral diseases
vaccine delivery
mRNA
nanoparticles
nucleic acid
vaccines
DNA
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Abstract Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell‐mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA‐approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP‐mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored. Nucleic acid vaccines can be loaded onto a nanoparticle platform for delivery. Once administered, the vaccine is taken up by either local cells or antigen presenting cells. The payload is released and processed by the cell machinery to create the coded antigen, further processed for display to other immune cells, and subsequent immune activation leads to humoral and cell‐mediated immunity.
AbstractList Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA-approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP-mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored.Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA-approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP-mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored.
Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell‐mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA‐approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP‐mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored. Nucleic acid vaccines can be loaded onto a nanoparticle platform for delivery. Once administered, the vaccine is taken up by either local cells or antigen presenting cells. The payload is released and processed by the cell machinery to create the coded antigen, further processed for display to other immune cells, and subsequent immune activation leads to humoral and cell‐mediated immunity.
Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA-approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP-mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored.
Author Li, Zhongyu
Gao, Mingzhu
Zhang, Xue‐Qing
Ho, William
Li, Fengqiao
Xu, Xiaoyang
AuthorAffiliation 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
3 Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Blvd Newark NJ 07102 USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Blvd Newark NJ 07102 USA
– name: 1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
– name: 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education and School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: William
  surname: Ho
  fullname: Ho, William
  organization: New Jersey Institute of Technology
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mingzhu
  surname: Gao
  fullname: Gao, Mingzhu
  organization: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Fengqiao
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Fengqiao
  organization: New Jersey Institute of Technology
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zhongyu
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Zhongyu
  organization: New Jersey Institute of Technology
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Xue‐Qing
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Xue‐Qing
  email: xueqingzhang@sjtu.edu.cn
  organization: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Xiaoyang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1634-3329
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Xiaoyang
  email: xiaoyang.xu@njit.edu
  organization: New Jersey Institute of Technology
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33458958$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 8
Keywords vaccine delivery
mRNA
nanoparticles
nucleic acid
vaccines
DNA
Language English
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Snippet Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA...
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SubjectTerms Acids
Adaptability
Antigens
Clinical trials
COVID-19
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA vaccines
Gene sequencing
Humans
Humoral immunity
Immune response
Immune system
Immunization
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
Nanoparticles
nucleic acid
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide sequence
Pandemics
Review
RNA, Messenger
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Stimulation
vaccine delivery
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Title Next‐Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle‐Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fadhm.202001812
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33458958
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2515529917
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2478778330
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7995055
Volume 10
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