Prebiotics and resistance to gastrointestinal infections
Acute gut disorder is a cause for significant medicinal and economic concern. Certain individual pathogens of the gut, often transmitted in food or water, have the ability to cause severe discomfort. There is a need to manage such conditions more effectively. The route of reducing the risk of intest...
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Published in | British journal of nutrition Vol. 93; no. S1; pp. S31 - S34 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Press
01.04.2005
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Acute gut disorder is a cause for significant medicinal and economic concern. Certain individual pathogens of the gut, often transmitted in food or water, have the ability to cause severe discomfort. There is a need to manage such conditions more effectively. The route of reducing the risk of intestinal infections through diet remains largely unexplored. Antibiotics are effective at inhibiting pathogens; however, these should not be prescribed in the absence of disease and therefore cannot be used prophylactically. Moreover, their indiscriminate use has reduced effectiveness. Evidence has accumulated to suggestthat some of the health-promoting bacteria in the gut (probiotics) can elicit a multiplicity of inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence, an increase in their numbers should prove effective at repressing pathogen colonisation if/when infectious agents enter the gut. As such, fortification of indigenous bifidobacteria/lactobacilli by using prebiotics should improve protection. There are a number of potential mechanisms for lactic acid bacteria to reduce intestinal infections. Firstly, metabolic endproducts such as acids excreted by these micro-organisms may lower the gut pH to levels below those at which pathogens are able to effectively compete. Also, many lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species are able to excrete natural antibiotics, which can have a broad spectrum of activity. Other mechanisms include an improved immune stimulation, competition for nutrients and blocking of pathogen adhesion sites in the gut. Many intestinal pathogens like type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli, salmonellae and campylobacters utilise oligosaccharide receptor sites in the gut. Once established, they can then cause gastroenteritis through invasive and/or toxin forming properties. One extrapolation of the prebiotic concept is to simulate such receptor sites in the gut lumen. Hence, the pathogen is ‘decoyed’ into not binding at the host mucosal interface. The combined effects of prebiotics upon the lactic acid flora and anti-adhesive strategies may lead towards new dietary interventions against food safety agents. |
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AbstractList | Acute gut disorder is a cause for significant medicinal and economic concern. Certain individual pathogens of the gut, often transmitted in food or water, have the ability to cause severe discomfort. There is a need to manage such conditions more effectively. The route of reducing the risk of intestinal infections through diet remains largely unexplored. Antibiotics are effective at inhibiting pathogens; however, these should not be prescribed in the absence of disease and therefore cannot be used prophylactically. Moreover, their indiscriminate use has reduced effectiveness. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that some of the health-promoting bacteria in the gut (probiotics) can elicit a multiplicity of inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence, an increase in their numbers should prove effective at repressing pathogen colonisation if/when infectious agents enter the gut. As such, fortification of indigenous bifidobacteria/lactobacilli by using prebiotics should improve protection. There are a number of potential mechanisms for lactic acid bacteria to reduce intestinal infections. Firstly, metabolic endproducts such as acids excreted by these micro-organisms may lower the gut pH to levels below those at which pathogens are able to effectively compete. Also, many lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species are able to excrete natural antibiotics, which can have a broad spectrum of activity. Other mechanisms include an improved immune stimulation, competition for nutrients and blocking of pathogen adhesion sites in the gut. Many intestinal pathogens like type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli, salmonellae and campylobacters utilise oligosaccharide receptor sites in the gut. Once established, they can then cause gastroenteritis through invasive and/or toxin forming properties. One extrapolation of the prebiotic concept is to simulate such receptor sites in the gut lumen. Hence, the pathogen is 'decoyed' into not binding at the host mucosal interface. The combined effects of prebiotics upon the lactic acid flora and anti-adhesive strategies may lead towards new dietary interventions against food safety agents. Acute gut disorder is a cause for significant medicinal and economic concern. Certain individual pathogens of the gut, often transmitted in food or water, have the ability to cause severe discomfort. There is a need to manage such conditions more effectively. The route of reducing the risk of intestinal infections through diet remains largely unexplored. Antibiotics are effective at inhibiting pathogens; however, these should not be prescribed in the absence of disease and therefore cannot be used prophylactically. Moreover, their indiscriminate use has reduced effectiveness. Evidence has accumulated to suggestthat some of the health-promoting bacteria in the gut (probiotics) can elicit a multiplicity of inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence, an increase in their numbers should prove effective at repressing pathogen colonisation if/when infectious agents enter the gut. As such, fortification of indigenous bifidobacteria/lactobacilli by using prebiotics should improve protection. There are a number of potential mechanisms for lactic acid bacteria to reduce intestinal infections. Firstly, metabolic endproducts such as acids excreted by these micro-organisms may lower the gut pH to levels below those at which pathogens are able to effectively compete. Also, many lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species are able to excrete natural antibiotics, which can have a broad spectrum of activity. Other mechanisms include an improved immune stimulation, competition for nutrients and blocking of pathogen adhesion sites in the gut. Many intestinal pathogens like type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli, salmonellae and campylobacters utilise oligosaccharide receptor sites in the gut. Once established, they can then cause gastroenteritis through invasive and/or toxin forming properties. One extrapolation of the prebiotic concept is to simulate such receptor sites in the gut lumen. Hence, the pathogen is ‘decoyed’ into not binding at the host mucosal interface. The combined effects of prebiotics upon the lactic acid flora and anti-adhesive strategies may lead towards new dietary interventions against food safety agents. Acute gut disorder is a cause for significant medicinal and economic concern. Certain individual pathogens of the gut, often transmitted in food or water, have the ability to cause severe discomfort. There is a need to manage such conditions more effectively. The route of reducing the risk of intestinal infections through diet remains largely unexplored. Antibiotics are effective at inhibiting pathogens; however, these should not be prescribed in the absence of disease and therefore cannot be used prophylactically. Moreover, their indiscriminate use has reduced effectiveness. Evidence has accumulated to suggestthat some of the health-promoting bacteria in the gut (probiotics) can elicit a multiplicity of inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence, an increase in their numbers should prove effective at repressing pathogen colonisation if/when infectious agents enter the gut. As such, fortification of indigenous bifidobacteria/lactobacilli by using prebiotics should improve protection. There are a number of potential mechanisms for lactic acid bacteria to reduce intestinal infections. Firstly, metabolic endproducts such as acids excreted by these micro-organisms may lower the gut pH to levels below those at which pathogens are able to effectively compete. Also, many lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species are able to excrete natural antibiotics, which can have a broad spectrum of activity. Other mechanisms include an improved immune stimulation, competition for nutrients and blocking of pathogen adhesion sites in the gut. Many intestinal pathogens like type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli, salmonellae and campylobacters utilise oligosaccharide receptor sites in the gut. Once established, they can then cause gastroenteritis through invasive and/or toxin forming properties. One extrapolation of the prebiotic concept is to simulate such receptor sites in the gut lumen. Hence, the pathogen is 'decoyed' into not binding at the host mucosal interface. The combined effects of prebiotics upon the lactic acid flora and anti-adhesive strategies may lead towards new dietary interventions against food safety agents. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Gibson, G. R. Rastall, R. A. McCartney, A. L. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: G. R. surname: Gibson fullname: Gibson, G. R. email: g.r.gibson@reading.ac.uk organization: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, P. O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: A. L. surname: McCartney fullname: McCartney, A. L. organization: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, P. O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: R. A. surname: Rastall fullname: Rastall, R. A. organization: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, P. O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15877892$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | Gut pathogens Bifidobacteria Inulin Prebiotics |
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References | Mizota (S0007114505000772_ref023) 1996; 313 Bouhnik (S0007114505000772_ref002) 1994; 106 S0007114505000772_ref009 S0007114505000772_ref006 S0007114505000772_ref028 S0007114505000772_ref029 S0007114505000772_ref007 S0007114505000772_ref015 S0007114505000772_ref016 S0007114505000772_ref013 Meyer (S0007114505000772_ref021) 2000; 11 S0007114505000772_ref014 S0007114505000772_ref011 S0007114505000772_ref010 Gibson (S0007114505000772_ref012) 1994; 96 S0007114505000772_ref019 S0007114505000772_ref017 S0007114505000772_ref018 S0007114505000772_ref026 S0007114505000772_ref004 S0007114505000772_ref005 S0007114505000772_ref027 S0007114505000772_ref024 S0007114505000772_ref025 S0007114505000772_ref003 S0007114505000772_ref022 S0007114505000772_ref001 Finlay (S0007114505000772_ref008) 1989; 53 S0007114505000772_ref020 |
References_xml | – volume: 11 start-page: 18 year: 2000 ident: S0007114505000772_ref021 article-title: The immune effects of inulin in vitro and in vivo publication-title: Agro-Food Ind Hi Technol contributor: fullname: Meyer – ident: S0007114505000772_ref010 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03443.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref029 doi: 10.3109/08910609409141577 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref016 doi: 10.12938/bifidus1982.5.1_37 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref006 doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(96)10038-8 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref018 doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.001521 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref001 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01461.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref004 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.5.709 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref019 doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1397 – volume: 313 start-page: 31 year: 1996 ident: S0007114505000772_ref023 article-title: Functional and nutritional foods containing bifidogenic factors publication-title: Bull Int Dairy Found contributor: fullname: Mizota – volume: 53 start-page: 210 year: 1989 ident: S0007114505000772_ref008 article-title: Common themes in microbial pathogenicity publication-title: Microbiol Rev doi: 10.1128/MMBR.53.2.210-230.1989 contributor: fullname: Finlay – ident: S0007114505000772_ref011 doi: 10.1006/fmic.1994.1055 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref015 doi: 10.1093/infdis/169.6.1291 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref009 doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06813.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref027 doi: 10.1006/anae.2001.0368 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref013 doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90192-2 – volume: 106 start-page: 598 year: 1994 ident: S0007114505000772_ref002 article-title: Effects of prolonged ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on colonic bifidobacteria, fecal enzymes and bile acids in humans publication-title: Gastroenterology contributor: fullname: Bouhnik – ident: S0007114505000772_ref003 doi: 10.1097/00005176-200309000-00014 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref028 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02790.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref025 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01609.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref007 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01043.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref017 doi: 10.1002/chem.19970030804 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref014 doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-5860-2_2 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref022 doi: 10.1007/BF01575871 – volume: 96 start-page: 381 year: 1994 ident: S0007114505000772_ref012 article-title: Non-digestible oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria – implications for health publication-title: Int Sugar J contributor: fullname: Gibson – ident: S0007114505000772_ref024 doi: 10.1023/A:1018892524790 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref026 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.00590.x – ident: S0007114505000772_ref020 doi: 10.1080/00365521.1997.11720715 – ident: S0007114505000772_ref005 doi: 10.1093/jn/132.3.472 |
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SubjectTerms | Antibiotics Bacteria Bacterial Infections - microbiology Bacterial Infections - prevention & control Bifidobacterium Campylobacter Colon - metabolism Colon - microbiology Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage E coli Escherichia coli Flora Food chains Food contamination & poisoning Food safety Gastroenteritis Gastrointestinal Diseases - microbiology Gastrointestinal Diseases - prevention & control Health promotion Humans Infections Inulin - administration & dosage Lactobacillus Metabolism Milk Oligosaccharides - administration & dosage Pathogens Poultry Prebiotics Probiotics - administration & dosage Salmonidae Toxins |
Title | Prebiotics and resistance to gastrointestinal infections |
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