The brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS): normative values with gender, age and education corrections in the Italian population
Background BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2...
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| Published in | BMC neurology Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 171 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
10.09.2014
BioMed Central Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1471-2377 1471-2377 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12883-014-0171-6 |
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| Abstract | Background
BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population.
Methods
Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results
The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests.
Conclusions
The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. |
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| AbstractList | Doc number: 171 Abstract Background: BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Methods: Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. Conclusions: The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population.BACKGROUNDBICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population.Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.METHODSHealthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests.RESULTSThe BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests.The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments.CONCLUSIONSThe study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. Background BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Methods Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. Conclusions The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. Background: BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Methods: Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 plus or minus 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 plus or minus 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. Conclusions: The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. Background BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Methods Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 [+ or -] 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 [+ or -] 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. Conclusions The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Cognitive impairment, Assessment tool, Italian normative values BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 [+ or -] 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 [+ or -] 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) . In this study we aimed at gathering regression based normative data for the BICAMS battery in the Italian population. Healthy subjects were consecutively recruited among patient friends and relatives. Corrections for demographics were calculated using multivariable linear regression models. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The BICAMS battery was administered to 273 healthy subjects (180 women, mean age 38.9 ± 13.0 years, mean education 14.9 ± 3.0 years). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. The study provided normative data of the BICAMS for the Italian population confirming good test-retest reliability which can facilitate the use of the battery in clinical practice, also for longitudinal patient assessments. |
| ArticleNumber | 171 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Pietrolongo, Erika Hakiki, Bahia Marrosu, Maria Giovanna Garofalo, Elisabetta Losignore, Nunzia Alessandra Zimatore, Giovanni Bosco Murgia, Monica Ambra, Ferdinando Ivano Consalvo, Marilena Viterbo, Rosa Gemma Langdon, Dawn Martinelli, Vittorio Cocco, Eleonora Lugaresi, Alessandra Portaccio, Emilio Sturchio, Andrea Falautano, Monica Goretti, Benedetta Incerti, Chiara Niccolai, Claudia Maddestra, Maurizio Fenu, Giuseppe Trojano, Maria Amato, Maria Pia Nocentini, Ugo Minacapelli, Eleonora |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Benedetta surname: Goretti fullname: Goretti, Benedetta organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence – sequence: 2 givenname: Claudia surname: Niccolai fullname: Niccolai, Claudia organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence – sequence: 3 givenname: Bahia surname: Hakiki fullname: Hakiki, Bahia organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Don Gnocchi Foundation – sequence: 4 givenname: Andrea surname: Sturchio fullname: Sturchio, Andrea organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence – sequence: 5 givenname: Monica surname: Falautano fullname: Falautano, Monica organization: Neurological Department, IRCCS San Raffaele – sequence: 6 givenname: Eleonora surname: Minacapelli fullname: Minacapelli, Eleonora organization: Neurological Department, IRCCS San Raffaele – sequence: 7 givenname: Vittorio surname: Martinelli fullname: Martinelli, Vittorio organization: Neurological Department, IRCCS San Raffaele – sequence: 8 givenname: Chiara surname: Incerti fullname: Incerti, Chiara organization: Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation – sequence: 9 givenname: Ugo surname: Nocentini fullname: Nocentini, Ugo organization: Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation – sequence: 10 givenname: Monica surname: Murgia fullname: Murgia, Monica organization: Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Cagliari – sequence: 11 givenname: Giuseppe surname: Fenu fullname: Fenu, Giuseppe organization: Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Cagliari – sequence: 12 givenname: Eleonora surname: Cocco fullname: Cocco, Eleonora organization: Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Cagliari – sequence: 13 givenname: Maria Giovanna surname: Marrosu fullname: Marrosu, Maria Giovanna organization: Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Cagliari – sequence: 14 givenname: Elisabetta surname: Garofalo fullname: Garofalo, Elisabetta organization: Ospedale dei Colli Monaldi Cotugno CTO, UOC Neurologia STROKE UNIT, University of Napoli – sequence: 15 givenname: Ferdinando Ivano surname: Ambra fullname: Ambra, Ferdinando Ivano organization: Ospedale dei Colli Monaldi Cotugno CTO, UOC Neurologia STROKE UNIT, University of Napoli – sequence: 16 givenname: Maurizio surname: Maddestra fullname: Maddestra, Maurizio organization: U.O. Neurologia, Hospital of Lanciano – sequence: 17 givenname: Marilena surname: Consalvo fullname: Consalvo, Marilena organization: U.O. Neurologia, Hospital of Lanciano – sequence: 18 givenname: Rosa Gemma surname: Viterbo fullname: Viterbo, Rosa Gemma organization: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro – sequence: 19 givenname: Maria surname: Trojano fullname: Trojano, Maria organization: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro – sequence: 20 givenname: Nunzia Alessandra surname: Losignore fullname: Losignore, Nunzia Alessandra organization: U.O.C. Neurologia P.O. Dimiccoli – sequence: 21 givenname: Giovanni Bosco surname: Zimatore fullname: Zimatore, Giovanni Bosco organization: U.O.C. Neurologia P.O. Dimiccoli – sequence: 22 givenname: Erika surname: Pietrolongo fullname: Pietrolongo, Erika organization: Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara – sequence: 23 givenname: Alessandra surname: Lugaresi fullname: Lugaresi, Alessandra organization: Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara – sequence: 24 givenname: Dawn surname: Langdon fullname: Langdon, Dawn organization: Royal Holloway, University of London – sequence: 25 givenname: Emilio surname: Portaccio fullname: Portaccio, Emilio organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Don Gnocchi Foundation – sequence: 26 givenname: Maria Pia surname: Amato fullname: Amato, Maria Pia email: mariapia.amato@unifi.it organization: Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25204350$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. – notice: COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2014 Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. – notice: Goretti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 |
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| Keywords | Assessment tool Multiple sclerosis Cognitive impairment Italian normative values |
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| References | DW Langdon (171_CR3) 2012; 18 MP Amato (171_CR12) 2006; 12 RH Benedict (171_CR14) 2005; 11 DC Delis (171_CR7) 2000 RH Benedict (171_CR5) 2006; 12 MP Amato (171_CR1) 2008; 8 RH Benedict (171_CR6) 2012; 16 S Rao (171_CR4) 1990 BA Parmenter (171_CR9) 2010; 16 RH Benedict (171_CR13) 2005; 10 JB Dusankova (171_CR10) 2012; 26 V Zipoli (171_CR2) 2010; 16 A Eshaghi (171_CR11) 2012; 26 RHB Benedict (171_CR8) 1997 16248908 - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Oct;11(6):727-36 17263008 - Mult Scler. 2006 Dec;12(6):787-93 22190573 - Mult Scler. 2012 Jun;18(6):891-8 18928350 - Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 Oct;8(10):1585-96 19796441 - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Jan;16(1):6-16 15858456 - CNS Spectr. 2005 May;10(5):384-91 22681459 - Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(6):975-84 19995837 - Mult Scler. 2010 Jan;16(1):62-7 16981607 - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006 Jul;12(4):549-58 23034066 - Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(7):1186-200 22799620 - BMC Neurol. 2012;12:55 |
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BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment... BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for... Background BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment... Doc number: 171 Abstract Background: BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical... Background: BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Analysis Batteries Clinical medicine Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - etiology Colleges & universities Demyelinating diseases Education Female France Germany Healthy Volunteers Humans Israel Italy Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Memory Middle Aged Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - complications Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis Neurochemistry Neurology Neuropsychological Tests - standards Neurosciences Neurosurgery Patients Pharmaceutical industry Population Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Research Article Supervision Switzerland United States Young Adult |
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| Title | The brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS): normative values with gender, age and education corrections in the Italian population |
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