The effectiveness of health animations in audiences with different health literacy levels: an experimental study
Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences. The aim of this paper is to investigate what...
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Published in | Journal of medical Internet research Vol. 17; no. 1; p. e11 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Canada
Journal of Medical Internet Research
01.01.2015
Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor JMIR Publications Inc JMIR Publications |
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Abstract | Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences.
The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups.
We conducted an online experiment among 231 participants aged 55 years or older with either low or high health literacy. A 2 (spoken vs written text) x 2 (illustration vs animation) design was used. Participants were randomly exposed to one of the four experimental messages, all providing the same information on colorectal cancer screening.
The results showed that, among people with low health literacy, spoken messages about colorectal cancer screening improved recall (P=.03) and attitudes (P=.02) compared to written messages. Animations alone did not improve recall, but when combined with spoken text, they significantly improved recall in this group (P=.02). When exposed to spoken animations, people with low health literacy recalled the same amount of information as their high health literate counterparts (P=.12), whereas in all other conditions people with high health literacy recalled more information compared to low health literate individuals. For people with low health literacy, positive attitudes mediated the relationship between spoken text and the intention to have a colorectal cancer screening (b=.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.25).
We conclude that spoken animation is the best way to communicate complex health information to people with low health literacy. This format can even bridge the information processing gap between audiences with low and high health literacy as the recall differences between the two groups are eliminated. As animations do not negatively influence high health literate audiences, it is concluded that information adapted to audiences with low health literacy suits people with high health literacy as well. |
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AbstractList | Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences.
The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups.
We conducted an online experiment among 231 participants aged 55 years or older with either low or high health literacy. A 2 (spoken vs written text) x 2 (illustration vs animation) design was used. Participants were randomly exposed to one of the four experimental messages, all providing the same information on colorectal cancer screening.
The results showed that, among people with low health literacy, spoken messages about colorectal cancer screening improved recall (P=.03) and attitudes (P=.02) compared to written messages. Animations alone did not improve recall, but when combined with spoken text, they significantly improved recall in this group (P=.02). When exposed to spoken animations, people with low health literacy recalled the same amount of information as their high health literate counterparts (P=.12), whereas in all other conditions people with high health literacy recalled more information compared to low health literate individuals. For people with low health literacy, positive attitudes mediated the relationship between spoken text and the intention to have a colorectal cancer screening (b=.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.25).
We conclude that spoken animation is the best way to communicate complex health information to people with low health literacy. This format can even bridge the information processing gap between audiences with low and high health literacy as the recall differences between the two groups are eliminated. As animations do not negatively influence high health literate audiences, it is concluded that information adapted to audiences with low health literacy suits people with high health literacy as well. Background: Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups. Methods: We conducted an online experiment among 231 participants aged 55 years or older with either low or high health literacy. A 2 (spoken vs written text) x 2 (illustration vs animation) design was used. Participants were randomly exposed to one of the four experimental messages, all providing the same information on colorectal cancer screening. Results: The results showed that, among people with low health literacy, spoken messages about colorectal cancer screening improved recall (P=.03) and attitudes (P=.02) compared to written messages. Animations alone did not improve recall, but when combined with spoken text, they significantly improved recall in this group (P=.02). When exposed to spoken animations, people with low health literacy recalled the same amount of information as their high health literate counterparts (P=.12), whereas in all other conditions people with high health literacy recalled more information compared to low health literate individuals. For people with low health literacy, positive attitudes mediated the relationship between spoken text and the intention to have a colorectal cancer screening (b=.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.25). Conclusions: We conclude that spoken animation is the best way to communicate complex health information to people with low health literacy. This format can even bridge the information processing gap between audiences with low and high health literacy as the recall differences between the two groups are eliminated. As animations do not negatively influence high health literate audiences, it is concluded that information adapted to audiences with low health literacy suits people with high health literacy as well. BackgroundProcessing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences. ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups. MethodsWe conducted an online experiment among 231 participants aged 55 years or older with either low or high health literacy. A 2 (spoken vs written text) x 2 (illustration vs animation) design was used. Participants were randomly exposed to one of the four experimental messages, all providing the same information on colorectal cancer screening. ResultsThe results showed that, among people with low health literacy, spoken messages about colorectal cancer screening improved recall (P=.03) and attitudes (P=.02) compared to written messages. Animations alone did not improve recall, but when combined with spoken text, they significantly improved recall in this group (P=.02). When exposed to spoken animations, people with low health literacy recalled the same amount of information as their high health literate counterparts (P=.12), whereas in all other conditions people with high health literacy recalled more information compared to low health literate individuals. For people with low health literacy, positive attitudes mediated the relationship between spoken text and the intention to have a colorectal cancer screening (b=.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.25). ConclusionsWe conclude that spoken animation is the best way to communicate complex health information to people with low health literacy. This format can even bridge the information processing gap between audiences with low and high health literacy as the recall differences between the two groups are eliminated. As animations do not negatively influence high health literate audiences, it is concluded that information adapted to audiences with low health literacy suits people with high health literacy as well. Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual format, such as animation, is expected to improve understanding among low health literate audiences. The aim of this paper is to investigate what features of spoken health animations improve information recall and attitudes and whether there are differences between health literacy groups. We conducted an online experiment among 231 participants aged 55 years or older with either low or high health literacy. A 2 (spoken vs written text) x 2 (illustration vs animation) design was used. Participants were randomly exposed to one of the four experimental messages, all providing the same information on colorectal cancer screening. The results showed that, among people with low health literacy, spoken messages about colorectal cancer screening improved recall (P=.03) and attitudes (P=.02) compared to written messages. Animations alone did not improve recall, but when combined with spoken text, they significantly improved recall in this group (P=.02). When exposed to spoken animations, people with low health literacy recalled the same amount of information as their high health literate counterparts (P=.12), whereas in all other conditions people with high health literacy recalled more information compared to low health literate individuals. For people with low health literacy, positive attitudes mediated the relationship between spoken text and the intention to have a colorectal cancer screening (b=.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.25). We conclude that spoken animation is the best way to communicate complex health information to people with low health literacy. This format can even bridge the information processing gap between audiences with low and high health literacy as the recall differences between the two groups are eliminated. As animations do not negatively influence high health literate audiences, it is concluded that information adapted to audiences with low health literacy suits people with high health literacy as well. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Smit, Edith G van Weert, Julia C M Haven, Carola J Meppelink, Corine S |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR Department of Communication Science University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands 2 Clinical Skills Training Center University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR Department of Communication Science University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands – name: 2 Clinical Skills Training Center University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Corine S orcidid: 0000-0003-2375-9565 surname: Meppelink fullname: Meppelink, Corine S email: c.s.meppelink@uva.nl organization: Amsterdam School of Communication Research/ASCoR, Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. c.s.meppelink@uva.nl – sequence: 2 givenname: Julia C M orcidid: 0000-0002-2259-5864 surname: van Weert fullname: van Weert, Julia C M – sequence: 3 givenname: Carola J orcidid: 0000-0002-3166-9597 surname: Haven fullname: Haven, Carola J – sequence: 4 givenname: Edith G orcidid: 0000-0002-6913-4897 surname: Smit fullname: Smit, Edith G |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25586711$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2015 Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Corine S Meppelink, Julia CM van Weert, Carola J Haven, Edith G Smit. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.01.2015. 2015 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2015 Journal of Medical Internet Research – notice: 2015. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Corine S Meppelink, Julia CM van Weert, Carola J Haven, Edith G Smit. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.01.2015. 2015 |
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Keywords | cancer screening colorectal cancer memory health literacy attitudes reading audiovisual media medical illustration prevention animation |
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PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2015 text: 2015-01-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | Canada |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Canada – name: Toronto – name: Toronto, Canada |
PublicationTitle | Journal of medical Internet research |
PublicationTitleAlternate | J Med Internet Res |
PublicationYear | 2015 |
Publisher | Journal of Medical Internet Research Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor JMIR Publications Inc JMIR Publications |
Publisher_xml | – name: Journal of Medical Internet Research – name: Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor – name: JMIR Publications Inc – name: JMIR Publications |
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Snippet | Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an audiovisual... Background Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an... Background: Processing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an... BACKGROUNDProcessing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an... BackgroundProcessing Web-based health information can be difficult, especially for people with low health literacy. Presenting health information in an... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Animation Attitudes Audiences Audiovisual Aids Cancer Cognitive load Colorectal cancer Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis Communication Comprehension Computer Graphics Diagnosis Early Detection of Cancer Female Health education Health information Health Literacy Health Promotion - methods Health status Humans Hypotheses Illustrations Information processing Internet Male Mediation Medical Illustration Medical screening Mental Recall Middle Aged Original Paper Patient Acceptance of Health Care Recall Websites |
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Title | The effectiveness of health animations in audiences with different health literacy levels: an experimental study |
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