The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective
The importance of magnesium (Mg ), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to m...
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Published in | Biomedicines Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 2356 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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21.09.2022
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Abstract | The importance of magnesium (Mg
), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg
in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. |
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AbstractList | The importance of magnesium (Mg2+), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg2+ in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. The importance of magnesium (Mg2+), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg2+ in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo.The importance of magnesium (Mg2+), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg2+ in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. The importance of magnesium (Mg 2+ ), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg 2+ in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. The importance of magnesium (Mg ), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. The importance of magnesium (Mg[sup.2+]), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia. This review article focuses on identifying evidence-based implications of Mg[sup.2+] in cardiac arrhythmias. The main identified benefits of magnesemia correction are linked to controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, decreasing the recurrence of ventricular ectopies and stopping episodes of the particular form of ventricular arrhythmia called torsade de pointes. Magnesium has also been described to have beneficial effects on the incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The implication of hypomagnesemia in the genesis of atrial fibrillation is well established; however, even if magnesium supplementation for rhythm control, cardioversion facility or cardioversion success/recurrence of AF after cardiac surgery and rate control during AF showed some benefit, it remains controversial. Although small randomised clinical trials showed a reduction in mortality when magnesium was administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction, the large randomised clinical trials failed to show any benefit of the administration of intravenous magnesium over placebo. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Popescu, Florina Georgeta Luca, Constantin Tudor Cismaru, Gabriel Negru, Alina Gabriela Pastorcici, Anda Crisan, Simina |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania 3 Rocordis Cardiology Hospital, 300174 Timisoara, Romania 1 Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania 5 Department of Occupational Health, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania – name: 3 Rocordis Cardiology Hospital, 300174 Timisoara, Romania – name: 2 Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania – name: 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania – name: 5 Department of Occupational Health, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alina Gabriela orcidid: 0000-0001-9838-744X surname: Negru fullname: Negru, Alina Gabriela organization: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania – sequence: 2 givenname: Anda surname: Pastorcici fullname: Pastorcici, Anda organization: Rocordis Cardiology Hospital, 300174 Timisoara, Romania – sequence: 3 givenname: Simina surname: Crisan fullname: Crisan, Simina organization: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania – sequence: 4 givenname: Gabriel orcidid: 0000-0002-7352-9584 surname: Cismaru fullname: Cismaru, Gabriel organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania – sequence: 5 givenname: Florina Georgeta orcidid: 0000-0002-9967-2653 surname: Popescu fullname: Popescu, Florina Georgeta organization: Department of Occupational Health, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania – sequence: 6 givenname: Constantin Tudor surname: Luca fullname: Luca, Constantin Tudor organization: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania |
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Keywords | ventricular arrhythmia hypomagnesemia supraventricular arrhythmia torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia magnesium supplementation |
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Snippet | The importance of magnesium (Mg
), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that... The importance of magnesium (Mg2+), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that... The importance of magnesium (Mg[sup.2+]), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known... The importance of magnesium (Mg 2+ ), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known... |
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SubjectTerms | Action potential Alcohol Arrhythmia Asymptomatic Cardiac arrhythmia Clinical trials Electrolytes Energy metabolism Fibrillation Heart attacks Heart rate Hypertension Hypocalcemia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Intravenous administration Magnesium magnesium supplementation Metabolism Mortality Myocardial infarction Physiological aspects Review Supplements supraventricular arrhythmia Tachycardia torsade de pointes Torsades de pointes Ventricle ventricular arrhythmia ventricular tachycardia |
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Title | The Role of Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Clinical Perspective |
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