Hemagglutinin Subtype Specificity and Mechanisms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genesis

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 14; no. 7; p. 1566
• Main Authors: de Bruin, Anja C. M., Funk, Mathis, Spronken, Monique I., Gultyaev, Alexander P., Fouchier, Ron A. M., Richard, Mathilde
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.07.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Amino acids; Analysis; Animals; Avian flu; avian influenza; Avian influenza viruses; Chickens; Classification; Distribution; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Genetic aspects; glycoproteins; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics; Hemagglutinins; Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses; Identification and classification; Immunization; Infections; Influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - genetics; Influenza in Birds; Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses; Mortality; multibasic cleavage site; pathogen evolution; Poultry; proteinases; proteolytic cleavage; Review; Viral proteins; Virulence; Virulence (Microbiology); Viruses; Waterfowl; Netherlands; Pakistan; United Kingdom > UK; Hong Kong; United States > US; China; England; Italy; Scotland; Mexico; Australia; Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses; virulence; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; pathogen evolution; multibasic cleavage site; proteolytic cleavage; Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (HPAIVs) arise from low pathogenic precursors following spillover from wild waterfowl into poultry populations. The main virulence determinant of HPAIVs is the presence of a multi-basic cleavage site (MBCS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. The MBCS al...