Recovery of manganese oxides from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries. An application as catalysts for VOCs elimination
•Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials.•Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used.•A biohydrometallurgical process was employed to bio-lixiviate batteries.•Manganese oxides were active in the oxidation of VOCs (ethanol and heptane). Manganese, in t...
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Published in | Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 33; no. 6; pp. 1483 - 1490 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.06.2013
Elsevier |
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Abstract | •Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials.•Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used.•A biohydrometallurgical process was employed to bio-lixiviate batteries.•Manganese oxides were active in the oxidation of VOCs (ethanol and heptane).
Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO4 solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnOx synthesized in our laboratory.
The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn2O3 in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn4+ cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn3O4.
The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200°C, while heptane requires more than 400°C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO2.
The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs. |
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AbstractList | Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO4 solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnO x synthesized in our laboratory. The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn2O3 in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn4+ cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn3O4. The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200 degree C, while heptane requires more than 400 degree C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO2. The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs. •Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials.•Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used.•A biohydrometallurgical process was employed to bio-lixiviate batteries.•Manganese oxides were active in the oxidation of VOCs (ethanol and heptane). Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO4 solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnOx synthesized in our laboratory. The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn2O3 in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn4+ cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn3O4. The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200°C, while heptane requires more than 400°C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO2. The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs. Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO4 solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnOx synthesized in our laboratory. The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn2O3 in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn(4+) cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn3O4. The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200°C, while heptane requires more than 400°C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO2. The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs. Highlights: • Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials. • Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used. • A biohydrometallurgical process was employed to bio-lixiviate batteries. • Manganese oxides were active in the oxidation of VOCs (ethanol and heptane). - Abstract: Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO{sub 4} solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnO{sub x} synthesized in our laboratory. The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn{sup 4+} cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}. The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200 °C, while heptane requires more than 400 °C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO{sub 2}. The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs. |
Author | Thomas, Horacio J. Falco, Lorena R. Sambeth, Jorge E. Gallegos, María V. Peluso, Miguel A. |
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Keywords | VOCs Manganese oxides Batteries Recycling Biohydrometallurgy Airlift reactor Catalytic reaction Chemical precipitation Carbon dioxide Volatile organic compound Raw materials Bioreactor Electrolysis Battery Solid waste Bacteria Lixiviation Oxidation Leachate Catalyst |
Language | English |
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Snippet | •Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials.•Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used.•A biohydrometallurgical... Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant... Highlights: • Manganese oxides were synthesized using spent batteries as raw materials. • Spent alkaline and zinc–carbon size AA batteries were used. • A... |
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SubjectTerms | Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans - metabolism Applied sciences BACTERIA Batteries Biohydrometallurgy Bioreactors - microbiology Carbon CARBON DIOXIDE Catalysis Catalysts CATIONS Chemical Precipitation ELECTRIC BATTERIES Electric Power Supplies ELECTROLYSIS ETHANOL Ethanol - chemistry Ethyl alcohol Exact sciences and technology FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS General treatment and storage processes HEPTANE Heptanes - chemistry INFRARED SPECTRA INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LEACHING MANGANESE Manganese Compounds - isolation & purification MANGANESE IONS MANGANESE OXIDES MATERIALS RECOVERY OXIDATION Oxides Oxides - isolation & purification PILOT PLANTS Pollution Potassium Permanganate - chemistry PRECIPITATION Recycling Refuse Disposal - methods SODIUM COMPOUNDS Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared VOCs Volatile organic compounds Wastes X-RAY DIFFRACTION X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY Zinc - chemistry |
Title | Recovery of manganese oxides from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries. An application as catalysts for VOCs elimination |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562448 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1369236522 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1642612376 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1660088930 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22300364 |
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