Evidence of Host-Associated Populations of Cryptosporidium parvum in Italy

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Published inApplied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78; no. 10; pp. 3523 - 3529
Main Authors Drumo, Rosanna, Widmer, Giovanni, Morrison, Liam J., Tait, Andy, Grelloni, Vincenzo, D'Avino, Nicoletta, Pozio, Edoardo, Cacciò, Simone M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.05.2012
Subjects
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biological variation
calves
Cattle
classification
Cluster Analysis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology
Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium parvum - classification
Cryptosporidium parvum - genetics
Cryptosporidium parvum - isolation & purification
Disease transmission
epidemiology
farms
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastroenteritis
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
genetics
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Goats
host-parasite relationships
Humans
isolation & purification
Italy
Italy - epidemiology
linkage disequilibrium
Livestock
Microbiology
Microsatellite Repeats
Molecular Epidemiology
Parasites
parasitology
Polymorphism
Population structure
Principal components analysis
Public Health Microbiology
Sheep
Subpopulations
Italy
Cryptosporidium parvum
Protozoa
Apicomplexa
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Abstract OA  Erratum ( vol. 78 , p. 5033 ) Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM       
AbstractList OA  Erratum ( vol. 78 , p. 5033 ) Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM       
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result, C. parvum populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of C. parvum populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of C. parvum collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of C. parvum subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum , an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result, C. parvum populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of C. parvum populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of C. parvum collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of C. parvum subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result, C. parvum populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of C. parvum populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of C. parvum collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of C. parvum subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result, C. parvum populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of C. parvum populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of C. parvum collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of C. parvum subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result, C. parvum populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of C. parvum populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of C. parvum collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of C. parvum subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.
Author Nicoletta D'Avino
Edoardo Pozio
Andy Tait
Giovanni Widmer
Simone M. Cacciò
Vincenzo Grelloni
Rosanna Drumo
Liam J. Morrison
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  surname: Cacciò
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  organization: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Snippet OA  Erratum ( vol. 78 , p. 5033 ) Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious...
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum , an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in...
Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both...
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StartPage 3523
SubjectTerms Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biological variation
calves
Cattle
classification
Cluster Analysis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology
Cryptosporidiosis - parasitology
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium parvum - classification
Cryptosporidium parvum - genetics
Cryptosporidium parvum - isolation & purification
Disease transmission
epidemiology
farms
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastroenteritis
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
genetics
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Goats
host-parasite relationships
Humans
isolation & purification
Italy
Italy - epidemiology
linkage disequilibrium
Livestock
Microbiology
Microsatellite Repeats
Molecular Epidemiology
Parasites
parasitology
Polymorphism
Population structure
Principal components analysis
Public Health Microbiology
Sheep
Subpopulations
Title Evidence of Host-Associated Populations of Cryptosporidium parvum in Italy
URI http://aem.asm.org/content/78/10/3523.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389374
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1010259619
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1010237724
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1017974431
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1020856439
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1420123872
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3346357
Volume 78
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