'Unwilling' versus 'unable': Tonkean macaques' understanding of human goal-directed actions

The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( ) using the unwilling unable paradigm, previously used in several species. Subjects were tested in three experimental conditions that varied according to the goal-directed actions of a human actor. In the...

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Published inPeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 5; p. e3227
Main Authors Canteloup, Charlotte, Meunier, Hélène
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States PeerJ. Ltd 03.05.2017
PeerJ, Inc
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Subjects
Analysis
Animal Behavior
Animal feeding behavior
Behavior
Behavior-reading
Child development
Cognitive science
Evolutionary Studies
Food
Frustration
Goal-directed action
Goals (Psychology)
Infants
Intentions
Language
Macaca tonkeana
Macaques
Mindreading
Monkeys & apes
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Philosophers
Primates
Researchers
Science
Theory of mind
Zoology
Intentions
Theory of mind
Goal-directed action
Macaca tonkeana
Behavior-reading
Mindreading
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Abstract The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( ) using the unwilling unable paradigm, previously used in several species. Subjects were tested in three experimental conditions that varied according to the goal-directed actions of a human actor. In the "unwilling" condition, the actor was capable of giving the subject food but unwilling to do it; in the "unable" condition, she was willing to give food but was unable to do it because of a physical barrier; and in the "distracted" condition, she was occupied by manipulating a pebble instead of food. We report for the first time that Tonkean macaques, like capuchins, chimpanzees and human infants, behaved differently across these experimental conditions. They attempted to grasp food in the actor's hand significantly more and displayed more threats in the presence of an unwilling actor rather than an unable or a distracted one. Inversely, they begged significantly more and displayed more frustration behaviors facing a distracted and unable experimenter rather than an unwilling one. These results suggest that Tonkean macaques understand human goal-directed actions by predicting whether they were likely to obtain food merely based on movements, cue and motor intentions reading and understanding of physical constraints.
AbstractList The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) using the unwilling versus unable paradigm, previously used in several species. Subjects were tested in three experimental conditions that varied according to the goal-directed actions of a human actor. In the "unwilling" condition, the actor was capable of giving the subject food but unwilling to do it; in the "unable" condition, she was willing to give food but was unable to do it because of a physical barrier; and in the "distracted" condition, she was occupied by manipulating a pebble instead of food. We report for the first time that Tonkean macaques, like capuchins, chimpanzees and human infants, behaved differently across these experimental conditions. They attempted to grasp food in the actor's hand significantly more and displayed more threats in the presence of an unwilling actor rather than an unable or a distracted one. Inversely, they begged significantly more and displayed more frustration behaviors facing a distracted and unable experimenter rather than an unwilling one. These results suggest that Tonkean macaques understand human goal-directed actions by predicting whether they were likely to obtain food merely based on movements, cue and motor intentions reading and understanding of physical constraints.
The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana ) using the unwilling versus unable paradigm, previously used in several species. Subjects were tested in three experimental conditions that varied according to the goal-directed actions of a human actor. In the “unwilling” condition, the actor was capable of giving the subject food but unwilling to do it; in the “unable” condition, she was willing to give food but was unable to do it because of a physical barrier; and in the “distracted” condition, she was occupied by manipulating a pebble instead of food. We report for the first time that Tonkean macaques, like capuchins, chimpanzees and human infants, behaved differently across these experimental conditions. They attempted to grasp food in the actor’s hand significantly more and displayed more threats in the presence of an unwilling actor rather than an unable or a distracted one. Inversely, they begged significantly more and displayed more frustration behaviors facing a distracted and unable experimenter rather than an unwilling one. These results suggest that Tonkean macaques understand human goal-directed actions by predicting whether they were likely to obtain food merely based on movements, cue and motor intentions reading and understanding of physical constraints.
The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( ) using the unwilling unable paradigm, previously used in several species. Subjects were tested in three experimental conditions that varied according to the goal-directed actions of a human actor. In the "unwilling" condition, the actor was capable of giving the subject food but unwilling to do it; in the "unable" condition, she was willing to give food but was unable to do it because of a physical barrier; and in the "distracted" condition, she was occupied by manipulating a pebble instead of food. We report for the first time that Tonkean macaques, like capuchins, chimpanzees and human infants, behaved differently across these experimental conditions. They attempted to grasp food in the actor's hand significantly more and displayed more threats in the presence of an unwilling actor rather than an unable or a distracted one. Inversely, they begged significantly more and displayed more frustration behaviors facing a distracted and unable experimenter rather than an unwilling one. These results suggest that Tonkean macaques understand human goal-directed actions by predicting whether they were likely to obtain food merely based on movements, cue and motor intentions reading and understanding of physical constraints.
ArticleNumber e3227
Audience Academic
Author Canteloup, Charlotte
Meunier, Hélène
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  organization: University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
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Keywords Intentions
Theory of mind
Goal-directed action
Macaca tonkeana
Behavior-reading
Mindreading
Language English
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SSID ssj0000826083
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Snippet The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( ) using the unwilling unable paradigm, previously used in...
The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana ) using the unwilling versus unable paradigm,...
The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) using the unwilling versus unable paradigm,...
The present study investigated the understanding of goal-directed actions in Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana ) using the unwilling versus unable paradigm,...
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StartPage e3227
SubjectTerms Analysis
Animal Behavior
Animal feeding behavior
Behavior
Behavior-reading
Child development
Cognitive science
Evolutionary Studies
Food
Frustration
Goal-directed action
Goals (Psychology)
Infants
Intentions
Language
Macaca tonkeana
Macaques
Mindreading
Monkeys & apes
Neuroscience
Neurosciences
Philosophers
Primates
Researchers
Science
Theory of mind
Zoology
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Title 'Unwilling' versus 'unable': Tonkean macaques' understanding of human goal-directed actions
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28480137
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1953113339
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1896412500
https://hal.science/hal-04756228
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5419206
https://doaj.org/article/3291bbf214c74471bb257480095776ae
Volume 5
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