No mass extinction for land plants at the Permian–Triassic transition

The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use g...

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Published in	Nature communications Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 384 - 8
Main Authors	Nowak, Hendrik, Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke, Kustatscher, Evelyn
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 23.01.2019 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects	631/158/2462 631/181/414 631/449/2669 704/158/670 Animals Biodiversity Classification Cycadopsida - classification Cycadopsida - genetics Embryophyta - classification Embryophyta - genetics Extinction Extinction, Biological Fossils History, Ancient Humanities and Social Sciences Mass extinctions Microorganisms multidisciplinary Permian Plant fossils Plants - classification Plants - genetics Pollen Pollen - metabolism Science Science (multidisciplinary) Species extinction Triassic
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Abstract	The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian–Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian. It has been thought that land plants suffered a mass extinction along with animals at the end of the Permian. Here, Nowak et al. show that the apparent plant mass extinction is a result of biases in the fossil record and their reanalysis suggests a lower magnitude and more selective plant extinction.
AbstractList	The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian–Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian.It has been thought that land plants suffered a mass extinction along with animals at the end of the Permian. Here, Nowak et al. show that the apparent plant mass extinction is a result of biases in the fossil record and their reanalysis suggests a lower magnitude and more selective plant extinction. The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian–Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian. The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian–Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian. It has been thought that land plants suffered a mass extinction along with animals at the end of the Permian. Here, Nowak et al. show that the apparent plant mass extinction is a result of biases in the fossil record and their reanalysis suggests a lower magnitude and more selective plant extinction. It has been thought that land plants suffered a mass extinction along with animals at the end of the Permian. Here, Nowak et al. show that the apparent plant mass extinction is a result of biases in the fossil record and their reanalysis suggests a lower magnitude and more selective plant extinction. The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian-Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian.The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from the earliest Triassic, the common perception has been that land plants likewise suffered a mass extinction, but doubts remained. Here we use global occurrence data of both plant macro- and microfossils to analyse plant biodiversity development across the Permian-Triassic boundary. We show that the plant fossil record is strongly biased and that evidence for a mass extinction among plants in the latest Permian is not robust. The taxonomic diversities of gymnosperm macrofossils and of the pollen produced by this group are particularly incongruent. Our results indicate that gymnosperm macrofossils are considerably undersampled for the Early Triassic, which creates the impression of increased gymnosperm extinction in the latest Permian.
ArticleNumber	384
Author	Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke Nowak, Hendrik Kustatscher, Evelyn
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Hendrik orcidid: 0000-0003-3283-2058 surname: Nowak fullname: Nowak, Hendrik email: hendrik.nowak@naturmuseum.it organization: Museum of Nature South Tyrol – sequence: 2 givenname: Elke orcidid: 0000-0002-1552-4785 surname: Schneebeli-Hermann fullname: Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke organization: Paläontologisches Institut und Museum – sequence: 3 givenname: Evelyn surname: Kustatscher fullname: Kustatscher, Evelyn organization: Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Department für Geo– und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität, and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
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Snippet	The most severe mass extinction among animals took place in the latest Permian (ca. 252 million years ago). Due to scarce and impoverished fossil floras from... It has been thought that land plants suffered a mass extinction along with animals at the end of the Permian. Here, Nowak et al. show that the apparent plant...
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SubjectTerms	631/158/2462 631/181/414 631/449/2669 704/158/670 Animals Biodiversity Classification Cycadopsida - classification Cycadopsida - genetics Embryophyta - classification Embryophyta - genetics Extinction Extinction, Biological Fossils History, Ancient Humanities and Social Sciences Mass extinctions Microorganisms multidisciplinary Permian Plant fossils Plants - classification Plants - genetics Pollen Pollen - metabolism Science Science (multidisciplinary) Species extinction Triassic
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Title	No mass extinction for land plants at the Permian–Triassic transition
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