Evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance
Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-to...
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| Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 618; no. 7965; pp. 500 - 505 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
15.06.2023
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize
1
and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods
2
,
3
break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications
4
,
5
.
Experiments on a noisy 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor report the accurate measurement of expectation values beyond the reach of current brute-force classical computation, demonstrating evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize
1
and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods
2,3
break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications
4,5
. Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize 1 and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods 2 , 3 break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications 4 , 5 . Experiments on a noisy 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor report the accurate measurement of expectation values beyond the reach of current brute-force classical computation, demonstrating evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance. Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications. Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize1 and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods2,3 break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications4,5.Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize1 and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods2,3 break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications4,5. Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications . Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing its full potential is noise that is inherent to these systems. The widely accepted solution to this challenge is the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum circuits, which is out of reach for current processors. Here we report experiments on a noisy 127-qubit processor and demonstrate the measurement of accurate expectation values for circuit volumes at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. We argue that this represents evidence for the utility of quantum computing in a pre-fault-tolerant era. These experimental results are enabled by advances in the coherence and calibration of a superconducting processor at this scale and the ability to characterize1 and controllably manipulate noise across such a large device. We establish the accuracy of the measured expectation values by comparing them with the output of exactly verifiable circuits. In the regime of strong entanglement, the quantum computer provides correct results for which leading classical approximations such as pure-state-based 1D (matrix product states, MPS) and 2D (isometric tensor network states, isoTNS) tensor network methods2,3 break down. These experiments demonstrate a foundational tool for the realization of near-term quantum applications4,5. |
| Author | Wei, Ken Xuan Nayfeh, Hasan van den Berg, Ewout Rosenblatt, Sami Zaletel, Michael Kim, Youngseok Anand, Sajant Eddins, Andrew Wu, Yantao Temme, Kristan Kandala, Abhinav |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Youngseok orcidid: 0000-0002-8486-9162 surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Youngseok email: youngseok.kim1@ibm.com organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew orcidid: 0000-0001-5088-4711 surname: Eddins fullname: Eddins, Andrew email: aeddins@ibm.com organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Cambridge – sequence: 3 givenname: Sajant orcidid: 0000-0001-6372-0513 surname: Anand fullname: Anand, Sajant organization: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley – sequence: 4 givenname: Ken Xuan surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Ken Xuan organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Ewout orcidid: 0000-0002-0991-3397 surname: van den Berg fullname: van den Berg, Ewout organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 6 givenname: Sami surname: Rosenblatt fullname: Rosenblatt, Sami organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 7 givenname: Hasan surname: Nayfeh fullname: Nayfeh, Hasan organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 8 givenname: Yantao surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yantao organization: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, RIKEN iTHEMS – sequence: 9 givenname: Michael surname: Zaletel fullname: Zaletel, Michael organization: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 10 givenname: Kristan orcidid: 0000-0002-4195-0569 surname: Temme fullname: Temme, Kristan organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center – sequence: 11 givenname: Abhinav orcidid: 0000-0002-2566-1388 surname: Kandala fullname: Kandala, Abhinav email: akandala@us.ibm.com organization: IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37316724$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2229295$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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PreskilljQuantum computing in the NISQ era and beyondQuantum201827910.22331/q-2018-08-06-79 Giurgica-Tiron, T., Hindy, Y., Larose, R., Mari, A. & Zeng, W. J. digital zero noise extrapolation for quantum error mitigation. in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE) 306–316 (IEEE, 2020). Shor, P. W. in Proc. 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science 124–134 (IEEE, 1994). BravyiSSimulation of quantum circuits by low-rank stabilizer decompositionsQuantum2019318110.22331/q-2019-09-02-181 HeANachmanBde JongWABauerCWZero-noise extrapolation for quantum-gate error mitigation with identity insertionsPhys. Rev. A20201020124262020PhRvA.102a2426H41316961:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1emsbfI10.1103/PhysRevA.102.012426 TemmeKBravyiSGambettaJMError mitigation for short-depth quantum circuitsPhys. Rev. 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AyralTDensity-matrix renormalization group algorithm for simulating quantum circuits with a finite fidelityPRX Quantum202340203042023PRXQ....4b0304A10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020304 S Aaronson (6096_CR29) 2004; 70 EF Dumitrescu (6096_CR20) 2018; 120 KX Wei (6096_CR44) 2022; 129 JI Cirac (6096_CR45) 2021; 93 J Koch (6096_CR15) 2007; 76 A Kandala (6096_CR18) 2019; 567 J Stehlik (6096_CR42) 2021; 127 6096_CR7 JM Chow (6096_CR16) 2011; 107 6096_CR17 6096_CR33 X Mi (6096_CR14) 2022; 378 Y Zhou (6096_CR34) 2020; 10 K Temme (6096_CR9) 2017; 119 6096_CR30 EJ Zhang (6096_CR43) 2022; 8 F Arute (6096_CR8) 2019; 574 M Carroll (6096_CR28) 2022; 9 CH Bennett (6096_CR23) 1996; 76 S Bravyi (6096_CR38) 2019; 3 C Guo (6096_CR35) 2019; 123 CD White (6096_CR41) 2018; 97 A He (6096_CR21) 2020; 102 6096_CR1 C Hubig (6096_CR39) 2018; 97 U Schöllwock (6096_CR32) 2011; 326 T Ayral (6096_CR36) 2023; 4 Z Cai (6096_CR31) 2021; 7 T Rakovszky (6096_CR40) 2022; 105 6096_CR6 P Frey (6096_CR12) 2022; 8 X Mi (6096_CR11) 2022; 601 S Endo (6096_CR19) 2018; 8 Y Li (6096_CR10) 2017; 7 6096_CR26 MP Zaletel (6096_CR3) 2020; 124 6096_CR24 P Calabrese (6096_CR37) 2005; 2005 6096_CR27 A Mari (6096_CR25) 2021; 104 j Preskill (6096_CR4) 2018; 2 6096_CR22 K Bharti (6096_CR5) 2022; 94 S Paeckel (6096_CR2) 2019; 411 I-C Chen (6096_CR13) 2022; 4 |
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| Snippet | Quantum computing promises to offer substantial speed-ups over its classical counterpart for certain problems. However, the greatest impediment to realizing... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/705/258 639/766/483/3926 639/766/483/481 Approximation Circuits Estimates Fault tolerance Humanities and Social Sciences Information technology Isometric Mathematical analysis MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING Microprocessors multidisciplinary Quantum computers Quantum computing Quantum entanglement Quantum information Quantum simulation Qubits (quantum computing) Science Science (multidisciplinary) Tensors |
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| Title | Evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-023-06096-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37316724 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2827744591 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2826218472 https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2229295 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10266970 |
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