High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery

Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1281 - 8
Main Authors Hou, Singyuk, Chen, Long, Fan, Xiulin, Fan, Xiaotong, Ji, Xiao, Wang, Boyu, Cui, Chunyu, Chen, Ji, Yang, Chongyin, Wang, Wei, Li, Chunzhong, Wang, Chunsheng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.03.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
140/133
147/135
639/166/4073/4071
639/4077/4079/891
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Electric power transmission
Electrolysis
Electrolytes
Energy efficiency
Energy storage
Flow
Flux density
Humanities and Social Sciences
Immiscibility
Low cost
Membranes
Metal ions
Miscibility
multidisciplinary
Rechargeable batteries
Redox reactions
Renewable energy
Saline water
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sodium chloride
Storage batteries
Transition metals
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Abstract Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl 2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl 4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm 2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl 2 /Cl − redox reaction. Flow batteries provide promising solutions for stationary energy storage but most of the systems are based on expensive metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, the authors show a chlorine flow battery capitalizing the electrolysis of saltwater where the redox reaction is stabilized by the saltwater-immiscible organic flow.
AbstractList Abstract Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl 2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl 4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm 2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl 2 /Cl − redox reaction.
Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl /Cl redox reaction.
Flow batteries provide promising solutions for stationary energy storage but most of the systems are based on expensive metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, the authors show a chlorine flow battery capitalizing the electrolysis of saltwater where the redox reaction is stabilized by the saltwater-immiscible organic flow.
Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl 2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl 4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm 2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl 2 /Cl − redox reaction.
Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl 2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl 4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm 2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl 2 /Cl − redox reaction. Flow batteries provide promising solutions for stationary energy storage but most of the systems are based on expensive metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, the authors show a chlorine flow battery capitalizing the electrolysis of saltwater where the redox reaction is stabilized by the saltwater-immiscible organic flow.
Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl- redox reaction.Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl- redox reaction.
Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl2 is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl4 or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm2 and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl2/Cl− redox reaction.Flow batteries provide promising solutions for stationary energy storage but most of the systems are based on expensive metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, the authors show a chlorine flow battery capitalizing the electrolysis of saltwater where the redox reaction is stabilized by the saltwater-immiscible organic flow.
ArticleNumber 1281
Author Wang, Chunsheng
Li, Chunzhong
Chen, Ji
Hou, Singyuk
Wang, Wei
Ji, Xiao
Yang, Chongyin
Chen, Long
Cui, Chunyu
Fan, Xiaotong
Fan, Xiulin
Wang, Boyu
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-8391-9706
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Long
  email: longchen@ecust.edu.cn
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Xiulin
  surname: Fan
  fullname: Fan, Xiulin
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
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  givenname: Xiaotong
  surname: Fan
  fullname: Fan, Xiaotong
  organization: School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology
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  fullname: Wang, Boyu
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
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  surname: Cui
  fullname: Cui, Chunyu
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
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  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Ji
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
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  givenname: Chongyin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7127-3087
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Chongyin
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-5453-4695
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  organization: Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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  givenname: Chunsheng
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8626-6381
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Chunsheng
  email: cswang@umd.edu
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277493$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1854384$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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SSID ssj0000391844
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Snippet Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable...
Abstract Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide...
Flow batteries provide promising solutions for stationary energy storage but most of the systems are based on expensive metal ions or synthetic organics. Here,...
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StartPage 1281
SubjectTerms 140/133
147/135
639/166/4073/4071
639/4077/4079/891
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Electric power transmission
Electrolysis
Electrolytes
Energy efficiency
Energy storage
Flow
Flux density
Humanities and Social Sciences
Immiscibility
Low cost
Membranes
Metal ions
Miscibility
multidisciplinary
Rechargeable batteries
Redox reactions
Renewable energy
Saline water
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sodium chloride
Storage batteries
Transition metals
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Title High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277493
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2638173190
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2638721934
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1854384
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8917161
https://doaj.org/article/af92c14cce3e4da5aeeac8d2dabc16fe
Volume 13
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