Photonic thermal management of coloured objects
The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tun...
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| Published in | Nature communications Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 4240 - 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
12.10.2018
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm
−2
for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm
−2
, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects.
Understanding the tunable range of radiative thermal load for a given colour is important for thermal management of outdoor structures. Here, the authors theoretically and experimentally highlighted all mechanisms through which one can control the radiative thermal load of coloured objects. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Understanding the tunable range of radiative thermal load for a given colour is important for thermal management of outdoor structures. Here, the authors theoretically and experimentally highlighted all mechanisms through which one can control the radiative thermal load of coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm–2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm–2, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. Here, these results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm −2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm −2 , resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. Understanding the tunable range of radiative thermal load for a given colour is important for thermal management of outdoor structures. Here, the authors theoretically and experimentally highlighted all mechanisms through which one can control the radiative thermal load of coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm −2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm −2 , resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm , resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm−2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm−2, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm-2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm-2, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects.The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour, however, one must control the radiative thermal load for heating or cooling purposes. Here we provide a comprehensive calculation of the tunable range of radiative thermal load for all colours. The range exceeds 680 Wm-2 for all colours, and can be as high as 866 Wm-2, resulting from effects of metamerism, infrared solar absorption and radiative cooling. We experimentally demonstrate that two photonic structures with the same pink colour can have their temperatures differ by 47.6 °C under sunlight. These structures are over 20 °C either cooler or hotter than a commercial paint with a comparable colour. Furthermore, the hotter pink structure is 10 °C hotter than a commercial black paint. These results elucidate the fundamental potentials of photonic thermal management for coloured objects. |
| ArticleNumber | 4240 |
| Author | Li, Wei Fan, Shanhui Chen, Zhen Shi, Yu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-2227-9431 surname: Li fullname: Li, Wei organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Yu organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Zhen organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University – sequence: 4 givenname: Shanhui surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Shanhui email: shanhui@stanford.edu organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30315155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1483402$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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Impact of Vehicle Air-Conditioning on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Electric Vehicle Range.NREL/CP-540-28960. Available at: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy00osti/28960.pdf (2000). E. Goldberg, D. Genetic Algorithms In Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. (Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. Boston, MA, 1989). KovatsRSHajatSHeat stress and public health: a critical reviewAnnu. Rev. Public Health200829415510.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843 RamanAPAnomaMAZhuLRephaeliEFanSPassive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlightNature20145155405442014Natur.515..540R1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitFanu7bN10.1038/nature13883 IlicOTailoring high-temperature radiation and the resurrection of the incandescent sourceNat. 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Color Scince: Concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulae. In Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae 2nd edn (Wiley-VCH, Germany, 2000). LiWFanSNanophotonic control of thermal radiation for energy applicationsOpt. Express201826159952018OExpr..2615995L10.1364/OE.26.015995 LiuXTaming the blackbody with infrared metamaterials as selective thermal emittersPhys. Rev. Lett.2011107459012011PhRvL.107d5901L10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.045901 FanSThermal photonics and energy applicationsJoule201712642731:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpsl2kur4%3D10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.012 Haus, H. Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics. Vol. 32 (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1985). SmithGBGentleASwiftPDEarpAMrongaNColoured paints based on iron oxide and silicon oxide coated flakes of aluminium as the pigment, for energy efficient paint: optical and thermal experimentsSol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells2003791791971:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmt1ajurk%3D10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00410-5 BerkAMODTRAN5: 2006 updateProc. SPIE2006623362331F10.1117/12.665077 A Stockman (6535_CR29) 2000; 40 AR Gentle (6535_CR6) 2010; 10 6535_CR2 6535_CR1 X Liu (6535_CR10) 2011; 107 S Fan (6535_CR7) 2017; 1 GB Smith (6535_CR21) 2003; 79 Y Tripanagnostopoulos (6535_CR25) 2000; 68 Y Zhai (6535_CR16) 2017; 355 JJ Greffet (6535_CR9) 2002; 416 O Ilic (6535_CR15) 2016; 11 Y Shi (6535_CR34) 2018; 5 NH Thomas (6535_CR18) 2017; 7 IB Cohen (6535_CR20) 1943; 34 Z Chen (6535_CR17) 2016; 7 M De Zoysa (6535_CR12) 2012; 6 6535_CR35 6535_CR33 6535_CR30 6535_CR31 A Synnefa (6535_CR23) 2007; 81 W Li (6535_CR8) 2018; 26 F Chen (6535_CR26) 2015; 3 AP Raman (6535_CR13) 2014; 515 F Chen (6535_CR27) 2016; 24 YX Yeng (6535_CR11) 2012; 109 P Li (6535_CR14) 2015; 27 HS Fairman (6535_CR32) 1997; 22 A Berk (6535_CR28) 2006; 6233 CG Granqvist (6535_CR5) 1981; 52 L Zhu (6535_CR24) 2013; 103 W Li (6535_CR19) 2017; 4 GB Smith (6535_CR22) 2003; 79 RS Kovats (6535_CR3) 2008; 29 S Catalanotti (6535_CR4) 1975; 17 |
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Genetic Algorithms In Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. (Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. Boston, MA, 1989). – reference: GranqvistCGHjortsbergARadiative cooling to low temperatures: General considerations and application to selectively emitting SiO filmsJ. Appl. Phys.198152420542201981JAP....52.4205G1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXmtVKktbo%3D10.1063/1.329270 – reference: RamanAPAnomaMAZhuLRephaeliEFanSPassive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlightNature20145155405442014Natur.515..540R1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitFanu7bN10.1038/nature13883 – reference: CatalanottiSThe radiative cooling of selective surfacesSol. Energy19751783891975SoEn...17...83C10.1016/0038-092X(75)90062-6 – reference: BerkAMODTRAN5: 2006 updateProc. SPIE2006623362331F10.1117/12.665077 – reference: LiuXTaming the blackbody with infrared metamaterials as selective thermal emittersPhys. Rev. 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Vol. 32 (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1985). – reference: TripanagnostopoulosYSouliotisMNousiaTSolar collectors with colored absorbersSol. Energy2000683433562000SoEn...68..343T10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00031-1 – reference: LiWShiYChenKZhuLFanSA comprehensive photonic approach for solar cell coolingACS Photonics201747747821:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXktFOms7Y%3D10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00089 – reference: ThomasNHChenZFanSMinnichAJSemiconductor-based multilayer selective solar absorber for unconcentrated solar thermal energy conversionSci. Rep.201772017NatSR...7.5362T10.1038/s41598-017-05235-x – reference: IlicOTailoring high-temperature radiation and the resurrection of the incandescent sourceNat. Nanotechnol.2016113203242016NatNa..11..320I1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xns1ajtg%3D%3D10.1038/nnano.2015.309 – reference: Wyszecki G. & Stiles, W. S. Color Scince: Concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulae. 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| Snippet | The colours of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings and clothing, are typically chosen for functional or aesthetic reasons. With a chosen colour,... Understanding the tunable range of radiative thermal load for a given colour is important for thermal management of outdoor structures. Here, the authors... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/4077 639/624/1075 639/624/399 Automobiles Automotive parts Color Cooling Cooling effects Energy efficiency ENGINEERING Heat Humanities and Social Sciences Load Metamerism Motor vehicles multidisciplinary Paints Photonics Photovoltaic cells Physiology Radiation Science Science (multidisciplinary) Thermal analysis Thermal management |
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| Title | Photonic thermal management of coloured objects |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-018-06535-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30315155 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2118789358 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2119925507 https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1483402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6185958 https://doaj.org/article/e59ccb55cbe1437e864382dddccd9f40 |
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