Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Iranian blood donors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Schola...

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Published inHeliyon Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e28013
Main Authors Foroutan, Masoud, Majidiani, Hamidreza, Hassanipour, Soheil, Badri, Milad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 30.03.2024
Elsevier
Subjects
blood
Blood donors
gender
Iran
meat
Meta-analysis
Review
risk
seroprevalence
soil
Systematic review
Toxoplasma gondii
Iran
Systematic review
Toxoplasma gondii
Iran
Blood donors
Meta-analysis
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%–41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%–2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52–2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70–3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07–7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03–3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25–2.31; P = 0.001). A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
AbstractList Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. Methods: We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. Results: In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%–41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%–2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52–2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70–3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07–7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03–3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25–2.31; P = 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%–41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%–2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52–2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70–3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07–7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03–3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25–2.31; P = 0.001). A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of ( ) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding -specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%-41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%-2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52-2.58;  < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70-3.41;  < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07-7.45;  = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.70;  = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25-2.31;  = 0.001). A moderate rate of exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding exposure among blood donors in Iran.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors.BackgroundThe present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors.We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023.MethodsWe searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023.In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%-41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%-2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52-2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70-3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07-7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25-2.31; P = 0.001).ResultsIn total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%-41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%-2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52-2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70-3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07-7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25-2.31; P = 0.001).A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.ConclusionA moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%–41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%–2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52–2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70–3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07–7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03–3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25–2.31; P = 0.001). A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
ArticleNumber e28013
Author Majidiani, Hamidreza
Hassanipour, Soheil
Foroutan, Masoud
Badri, Milad
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  organization: Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Toxoplasma gondii
Iran
Blood donors
Meta-analysis
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Snippet The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We...
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of ( ) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We searched four English...
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood...
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. We...
Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood...
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SubjectTerms blood
Blood donors
gender
Iran
meat
Meta-analysis
Review
risk
seroprevalence
soil
Systematic review
Toxoplasma gondii
Title Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Iranian blood donors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38509978
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