Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans
Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen me...
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| Published in | Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 91; no. 3; pp. 1055 - 1060 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Bethesda, MD
Am Physiological Soc
01.09.2001
American Physiological Society |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 8750-7587 1522-1601 |
| DOI | 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.3.1055 |
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| Abstract | Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on
the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development
of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen
consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40°C; hyperthermia) and
thermoneutral (18°C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core
temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak
value of 40.0 ± 0.1°C (mean ± SE) at exhaustion after
50 ± 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized
at ~38.0 ± 0.1°C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h
without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials,
subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction
(MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a
"nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary
activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by
superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis.
Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of
contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in
both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more
pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the
force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control.
Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL)
revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower
in hyperthermia (54 ± 7%) compared with control (82 ± 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force
from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during
handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was
observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate
that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a
reduction in the voluntary activation percentage.
central activation; core temperature; muscle contractions |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40°C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18°C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 ± 0.1°C (mean ± SE) at exhaustion after 50 ± 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at ∼38.0 ± 0.1°C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a “nonexercised” muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 ± 7%) compared with control (82 ± 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage. The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40 degrees C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18 degrees C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) at exhaustion after 50 +/- 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at approximately 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a "nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 +/- 7%) compared with control (82 +/- 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage.The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40 degrees C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18 degrees C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) at exhaustion after 50 +/- 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at approximately 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a "nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 +/- 7%) compared with control (82 +/- 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage. The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40 degrees C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18 degrees C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) at exhaustion after 50 +/- 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at approx. 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a 'nonexercised' muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 +/- 7%) compared with control (82 +/- 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40 degrees C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18 degrees C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) at exhaustion after 50 +/- 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at approximately 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a "nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 +/- 7%) compared with control (82 +/- 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage. Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40°C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18°C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 ± 0.1°C (mean ± SE) at exhaustion after 50 ± 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at ~38.0 ± 0.1°C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a "nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 ± 7%) compared with control (82 ± 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage. central activation; core temperature; muscle contractions The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40degreesC; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18degreesC; control) environments. The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue. Fourteen men exercised at 60% maximal oxygen consumption on a cycle ergometer in hot (40 degree C; hyperthermia) and thermoneutral (18 degree C; control) environments. In hyperthermia, the core temperature increased throughout the exercise period and reached a peak value of 40.0 plus or minus 0. 1 degree C (mean plus or minus SE) at exhaustion after 50 plus or minus 3 min of exercise. In control, core temperature stabilized at similar to 38.0 plus or minus 0. 1 degree C, and exercise was maintained for 1 h without exhausting the subjects. Immediately after the cycle trials, subjects performed 2 min of sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) either with the exercised legs (knee extension) or with a "nonexercised" muscle group (handgrip). The degree of voluntary activation during sustained maximal knee extensions was assessed by superimposing electrical stimulation (EL) to nervus femoralis. Voluntary knee extensor force was similar during the first 5 s of contraction in hyperthermia and control. Thereafter, force declined in both trials, but the reduction in maximal voluntary force was more pronounced in the hyperthermic trial, and, from 30 to 120 s, the force was significantly lower in hyperthermia compared with control. Calculation of the voluntary activation percentage (MVC/MVC + EL) revealed that the degree of central activation was significantly lower in hyperthermia (54 plus or minus 7%) compared with control (82 plus or minus 6%). In contrast, total force of the knee extensors (MVC + force from EL) was not different in the two trials. Force development during handgrip contraction followed the same pattern of response as was observed for the knee extensors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the ability to generate force during a prolonged MVC is attenuated with hyperthermia, and the impaired performance is associated with a reduction in the voluntary activation percentage. |
| Author | Nielsen, Bodil Nybo, Lars |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Nybo, Lars – sequence: 2 fullname: Nielsen, Bodil |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14094934$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509498$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Physical exercise Extension Knee Human Body temperature Fatigue Muscle contraction Hyperthermia Prolonged |
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| Snippet | Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
The present study... The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on the contributions of central and peripheral factors to the development of neuromuscular fatigue.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Bicycling - physiology Biological and medical sciences Body Temperature - physiology Electromyography Exercise Fatigue Fever Fever - physiopathology Forearm - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hand Strength - physiology Humans Knee Joint - physiology Male Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Fatigue - physiology Muscular system Oxygen consumption Physical Exertion - physiology Temperature Thermoregulation. Hibernation. Estivation. Ecophysiology and environmental effects Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| Title | Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans |
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