The Venom of Spectacled Cobra (Elapidae: Naja naja): In Vitro Study from Distinct Geographical Origins in Sri Lanka

Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathol...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of toxicology Vol. 2018; no. 2018; pp. 1 - 14
Main Authors Kularatne, S. A. M., Ranasinghe, J. G. S., Waduge, Roshitha, Thewarage, Lasanthika D., Dissanayake, Duminda S. B., Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2018
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Subjects
Animal tissues
Animals
Biochemistry
Geographical distribution
Geography
Infiltration
Inflammation
Lethal dose
Mice
Muscles
Naja naja
Organs
Oxidative stress
Pathological effects
Physiology
Poisonous snakes
Population
Skeletal muscle
Snakes
Studies
Toxicology
Tropical diseases
Venom
Veterinary medicine
Sri Lanka
India
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathological changes according to geographic variation of Sri Lankan N. naja venom. The histopathological changes in vital organs and muscle tissues following intramuscular administration of venom of N. naja were studied using BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of venom of N. naja in the present study was determined to be 0.55, 0.66, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.7 mg/kg for North (NRP), Central (CRP), Western, Southern, and Sabaragamuwa Regional Population venoms, respectively. Histopathological changes were observed in different levels in vital organs and muscle tissues of mice. NRP accompanied significantly higher infiltration of inflammatory and necrotic cells into skeletal muscle and CRP venom demonstrated high level of cardiotoxic effects comparing to other regions. This study revealed a certain extent of variations in the pathological effects of N. naja venom samples according to their geographical distribution.
AbstractList Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathological changes according to geographic variation of Sri Lankan N. naja venom. The histopathological changes in vital organs and muscle tissues following intramuscular administration of venom of N. naja were studied using BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of venom of N. naja in the present study was determined to be 0.55, 0.66, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.7mg/kg for North (NRP), Central (CRP), Western, Southern, and Sabaragamuwa Regional Population venoms, respectively. Histopathological changes were observed in different levels in vital organs and muscle tissues of mice. NRP accompanied significantly higher infiltration of inflammatory and necrotic cells into skeletal muscle and CRP venom demonstrated high level of cardiotoxic effects comparing to other regions. This study revealed a certain extent of variations in the pathological effects of N. naja venom samples according to their geographical distribution.
Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathological changes according to geographic variation of Sri Lankan N. naja venom. The histopathological changes in vital organs and muscle tissues following intramuscular administration of venom of N. naja were studied using BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of venom of N. naja in the present study was determined to be 0.55, 0.66, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.7 mg/kg for North (NRP), Central (CRP), Western, Southern, and Sabaragamuwa Regional Population venoms, respectively. Histopathological changes were observed in different levels in vital organs and muscle tissues of mice. NRP accompanied significantly higher infiltration of inflammatory and necrotic cells into skeletal muscle and CRP venom demonstrated high level of cardiotoxic effects comparing to other regions. This study revealed a certain extent of variations in the pathological effects of N. naja venom samples according to their geographical distribution.
Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathological changes according to geographic variation of Sri Lankan N. naja venom. The histopathological changes in vital organs and muscle tissues following intramuscular administration of venom of N. naja were studied using BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of venom of N. naja in the present study was determined to be 0.55, 0.66, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.7 mg/kg for North (NRP), Central (CRP), Western, Southern, and Sabaragamuwa Regional Population venoms, respectively. Histopathological changes were observed in different levels in vital organs and muscle tissues of mice. NRP accompanied significantly higher infiltration of inflammatory and necrotic cells into skeletal muscle and CRP venom demonstrated high level of cardiotoxic effects comparing to other regions. This study revealed a certain extent of variations in the pathological effects of N. naja venom samples according to their geographical distribution.
Several countries residing envenomation due to had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra still lacks the evidence to support this. Therefore, the current study was focused on addressing relationship between the histopathological changes according to geographic variation of Sri Lankan venom. The histopathological changes in vital organs and muscle tissues following intramuscular administration of venom of were studied using BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose of venom of in the present study was determined to be 0.55, 0.66, 0.68, 0.62, and 0.7 mg/kg for North (NRP), Central (CRP), Western, Southern, and Sabaragamuwa Regional Population venoms, respectively. Histopathological changes were observed in different levels in vital organs and muscle tissues of mice. NRP accompanied significantly higher infiltration of inflammatory and necrotic cells into skeletal muscle and CRP venom demonstrated high level of cardiotoxic effects comparing to other regions. This study revealed a certain extent of variations in the pathological effects of venom samples according to their geographical distribution.
Audience Academic
Author Dissanayake, Duminda S. B.
Thewarage, Lasanthika D.
Waduge, Roshitha
Kularatne, S. A. M.
Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.
Ranasinghe, J. G. S.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
4 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
– name: 1 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
– name: 4 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
– name: 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Kularatne, S. A. M.
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Ranasinghe, J. G. S.
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Waduge, Roshitha
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Thewarage, Lasanthika D.
– sequence: 5
  fullname: Dissanayake, Duminda S. B.
– sequence: 6
  fullname: Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30363742$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNkstvEzEQxleoiD7gxhlZ4lIEaf1aP3pAqkoplSJ6SOnVmrW9icPGTr0bUP97XJK2BHFAlmxr_JtvNONvv9qJKfqqek3wESF1fUwxUceS1YpL-qzaI0LJkaK43nm4E012q_2-n2MsONbyRbXLMBNMcrpX9dczj258TAuUWjRZejuA7bxDZ6nJgA7PO1gGB_4EfYU5oFi2dyfoMqKbMOSEJsPK3aE2l_RPoR9CtAO68GmaYTkLFjp0lcM0xB6FiCY5oDHE7_Cyet5C1_tXm_Og-vb5_Prsy2h8dXF5djoe2VqIYeRrB7xhlNHaWm6hFjVnWuqWNd56Dw0XjkpmuWpsI1VrNXXWCy650hJawg6qy7WuSzA3yxwWkO9MgmB-B1KeGshDKO0aWWvBKZOeeMw5x42jjWqo01YrDtQVrY9rreWqWfhSJw4Zui3R7ZcYZmaafhhBFNaaFYHDjUBOtyvfD2YReuu7DqJPq95QQoXGQmJZ0Ld_ofO0yrGMqlDlT7FQXD1RUygNhNimUtfei5rTYgaBSTFEoY7-QZXl_CLY4qQ2lPhWwod1gs2p77NvH3sk2NwbztwbzmwMV_A3f87lEX5wWAHer4FZiA5-hv-U84XxLTzRFFPFCPsF1rbmQw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_k5317
crossref_primary_10_3390_toxins11030152
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jep_2019_112480
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxcx_2023_100149
crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed8060304
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11250_020_02376_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_021_02766_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxicon_2020_10_024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxicon_2023_107590
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_020_02462_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxicon_2024_107757
crossref_primary_10_18311_jnr_2022_28405
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.002
10.1073/pnas.84.10.3132
10.1177/0960327113494901
10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.11.006
10.1098/rspb.2009.0048
10.1093/clinchem/17.8.696
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569
10.2307/1445927
10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00232-X
10.1590/S1678-91992006000100004
10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.020
10.1016/0041-0101(95)90103-5
10.1016/0041-0101(86)90164-9
10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014
10.1016/j.etp.2009.08.002
10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.020
10.1186/s40409-017-0098-7
10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00053-7
10.1016/0305-0491(95)02050-0
10.1016/j.jprot.2009.07.013
10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.022
10.4172/2161-0495.1000181
10.1021/pr800332p
10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.006
10.1038/379537a0
10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00473-0
10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.10.003
10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00097-4
10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.007
10.1643/HA03-037.1
10.1016/j.jksus.2014.01.003
10.1007/PL00006450
10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60147-8
10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218
10.1021/pr0602500
10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.034
10.1016/S1095-6433(97)00475-3
10.1055/s-0028-1107760
10.1016/0041-0101(88)90216-4
10.1016/0041-0101(95)00032-H
10.1023/A:1017972511272
10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.01.011
10.9734/BBJ/2015/16188
10.1016/0305-0491(88)90329-X
10.1007/BF01945429
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al.
COPYRIGHT 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al. 2018
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al.
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
– notice: Copyright © 2018 Duminda S. B. Dissanayake et al. 2018
DBID ADJCN
AHFXO
RHU
RHW
RHX
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7ST
7U7
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
ATCPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
CWDGH
DWQXO
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
L6V
M7S
PATMY
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
PYCSY
SOI
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1155/2018/7358472
DatabaseName الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals
معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete
Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Open Access Journals (Hindawi Publishing)
PubMed
CrossRef
Environment Abstracts
Toxicology Abstracts
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
Environmental Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Collection
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Middle East & Africa Database
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
Toxicology Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest One Academic
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef



PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RHX
  name: Open Access Journals (Hindawi Publishing)
  url: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Public Health
Geography
Veterinary Medicine
EISSN 1687-8205
Editor Matozzo, Valerio
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Valerio
  surname: Matozzo
  fullname: Matozzo, Valerio
– fullname: Valerio Matozzo
EndPage 14
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_75964237e1e04440bd2b8b2d9c984a2d
A584601472
10_1155_2018_7358472
30363742
1202831
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Sri Lanka
India
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Sri Lanka
– name: India
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Ministry of Science,Technology and Research
  grantid: MTR/TRD/AGR/3/1/7
GroupedDBID ---
24P
2UF
2WC
3V.
4.4
53G
5VS
7XC
8FE
8FG
8FH
8R4
8R5
AAFWJ
AAJEY
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACIWK
ACPRK
ADBBV
ADJCN
ADRAZ
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHFXO
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
ATCPS
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CEFSP
CNMHZ
CWDGH
DIK
E3Z
EBD
EBS
EJD
ESX
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
H13
HCIFZ
HYE
IAO
IEA
IHR
IL9
INH
INR
ITC
KQ8
L6V
M48
M7S
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
PATMY
PGMZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
PYCSY
Q2X
RHU
RHX
RNS
RPM
TR2
TUS
~8M
RHW
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7ST
7U7
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
GNUQQ
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
SOI
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-e5da4b32325cc4ca56543979f3beceeab46d273c48bcb78fc92dce6474897af13
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1687-8191
IngestDate Mon Oct 07 19:33:38 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:21:51 EDT 2024
Sat Aug 17 03:48:34 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 22:18:41 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 18:05:14 EDT 2024
Tue Oct 15 04:48:03 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 02:44:34 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:48:12 EDT 2024
Sun Jun 02 18:53:46 EDT 2024
Wed Nov 06 05:55:57 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2018
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c566t-e5da4b32325cc4ca56543979f3beceeab46d273c48bcb78fc92dce6474897af13
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Academic Editor: Valerio Matozzo
ORCID 0000-0002-7307-4639
0000-0002-3929-3416
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6180993/
PMID 30363742
PQID 2116806848
PQPubID 237777
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_75964237e1e04440bd2b8b2d9c984a2d
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6180993
proquest_miscellaneous_2126906707
proquest_journals_2116806848
gale_infotracmisc_A584601472
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A584601472
crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_7358472
pubmed_primary_30363742
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2018_7358472
emarefa_primary_1202831
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cairo, Egypt
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cairo, Egypt
– name: Egypt
– name: New York
PublicationTitle Journal of toxicology
PublicationTitleAlternate J Toxicol
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
– name: Hindawi
– name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
– name: Hindawi Limited
References 23454626 - Toxicon. 2013 Jul;69:90-7
17161818 - Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Jan;7(1):61-9
18557640 - J Proteome Res. 2008 Aug;7(8):3556-71
26506536 - J Proteomics. 2016 Jan 30;132:131-43
15019493 - Toxicon. 2003 Dec 15;42(8):947-62
16574178 - Toxicon. 2006 Jun 1;47(7):727-33
7676473 - Toxicon. 1995 Jun;33(6):817-21
9929380 - J Mol Evol. 1999 Feb;48(2):125-32
21803310 - Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Jul;4(7):564-7
28240232 - Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 27;7:43237
10434030 - Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Aug 5;1428(2-3):121-36
16944921 - J Proteome Res. 2006 Sep;5(9):2098-112
2854766 - Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1988;90(4):745-50
9663698 - Toxicon. 1998 Jun;36(6):921-32
28289429 - J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2017 Feb 13;23:8
20027216 - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Dec 22;3(12):e569
3513377 - Toxicon. 1986;24(1):41-6
16124448 - Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 May;36(3):733-40
8936054 - Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Jan;113(1):199-204
19733040 - Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2010 Nov;62(6):587-92
942051 - Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
2001726 - Experientia. 1991 Feb 15;47(2):205-9
5562281 - Clin Chem. 1971 Aug;17(8):696-700
3472200 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3132-6
29621647 - J Proteomics. 2018 Jun 15;181:60-72
28847519 - Toxicol Lett. 2017 Oct 5;280:159-170
19665598 - J Proteomics. 2009 Nov 2;73(1):57-78
18986210 - PLoS Med. 2008 Nov 4;5(11):e218
8596631 - Nature. 1996 Feb 8;379(6565):537-40
4090462 - WHO Chron. 1985;39(2):51-6
11738231 - Toxicon. 2002 Apr;40(4):335-93
19439335 - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Sep;103(9):924-30
27231196 - Sci Rep. 2016 May 27;6:26778
11818235 - Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Feb;131(2):125-32
11249011 - Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 1998 Feb;119(2):621-7
24949227 - J Clin Toxicol. 2014 Jan 25;4(1):1000181
19673082 - Toxicon. 2009 May;53(6):672-9
18834914 - Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Dec;46(12):3612-5
3293265 - Toxicon. 1988;26(3):257-64
23857030 - Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014 Apr;33(4):336-59
19364745 - Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Jul 7;276(1666):2443-9
11936852 - Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Jan;229(1-2):93-101
25258623 - J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2014 Sep 15;20(1):42
25972751 - Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 May;22(3):302-11
4150784 - Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1974 Feb;99(8):343-4 passim
(25) 2018
45
48
49
(46) 1971
(47) 1982
(44) 1995; 39
51
52
53
10
54
11
55
13
57
14
15
(42) 2016; 6
(59) 2010; 32
16
17
18
19
(50) 1971; 17
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
20
21
22
(58) 2008; 2
23
24
(40) 2017; 23
26
27
28
(12) 2013; 33
29
(39) 2006
(34) 2017; 7
(56) 2014; 20
(4) 2005; 36
30
31
32
33
35
36
37
38
41
43
References_xml – ident: 6
  doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.002
– ident: 14
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3132
– ident: 18
  doi: 10.1177/0960327113494901
– volume: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: 34
  publication-title: Scientific Reports
– ident: 57
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.11.006
– ident: 30
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0048
– volume: 17
  start-page: 696
  issue: 8
  year: 1971
  ident: 50
  publication-title: Clinical Chemistry
  doi: 10.1093/clinchem/17.8.696
– ident: 2
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569
– ident: 23
  doi: 10.2307/1445927
– ident: 9
  doi: 10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00232-X
– year: 1971
  ident: 46
– ident: 54
  doi: 10.1590/S1678-91992006000100004
– ident: 24
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.020
– ident: 10
  doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(95)90103-5
– ident: 31
  doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90164-9
– volume: 20
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 56
  publication-title: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
– ident: 38
  doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014
– ident: 36
  doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.08.002
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.020
– volume: 23
  start-page: 8
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 40
  publication-title: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
  doi: 10.1186/s40409-017-0098-7
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00053-7
– ident: 20
  doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)02050-0
– ident: 22
  doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.07.013
– ident: 45
  doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
– ident: 41
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.022
– ident: 55
  doi: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000181
– ident: 21
  doi: 10.1021/pr800332p
– ident: 48
  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.006
– ident: 26
  doi: 10.1038/379537a0
– year: 1982
  ident: 47
– volume: 39
  start-page: 51
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: 44
  publication-title: WHO Chron
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00473-0
– start-page: 297
  year: 2006
  ident: 39
  publication-title: Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka
– ident: 52
  doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.10.003
– volume: 32
  start-page: 19
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 59
  publication-title: Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00097-4
– ident: 43
  doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.007
– ident: 27
  doi: 10.1643/HA03-037.1
– ident: 53
  doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2014.01.003
– volume: 36
  start-page: 733
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 4
  publication-title: Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
– ident: 11
  doi: 10.1007/PL00006450
– ident: 5
  doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60147-8
– volume: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 42
  publication-title: Scientific Reports
– ident: 1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218
– ident: 28
  doi: 10.1021/pr0602500
– ident: 29
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.034
– ident: 33
  doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(97)00475-3
– ident: 49
  doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1107760
– ident: 51
  doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90216-4
– ident: 32
  doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(95)00032-H
– ident: 16
  doi: 10.1023/A:1017972511272
– ident: 37
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.01.011
– ident: 13
  doi: 10.9734/BBJ/2015/16188
– year: 2018
  ident: 25
  publication-title: Journal of Proteomics
– volume: 2
  start-page: 8
  year: 2008
  ident: 58
  publication-title: African Journal of Biochemistry Research
– ident: 19
  doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90329-X
– ident: 35
  doi: 10.1007/BF01945429
– volume: 33
  start-page: 18
  issue: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 12
  publication-title: Journal of Medical Sciences
SSID ssj0064097
Score 2.221713
Snippet Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri...
Several countries residing envenomation due to had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri Lankan cobra...
Several countries residing envenomation due to Naja naja had revealed a disparity in the venom composition according to their geographic location and Sri...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
hindawi
emarefa
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Animal tissues
Animals
Biochemistry
Geographical distribution
Geography
Infiltration
Inflammation
Lethal dose
Mice
Muscles
Naja naja
Organs
Oxidative stress
Pathological effects
Physiology
Poisonous snakes
Population
Skeletal muscle
Snakes
Studies
Toxicology
Tropical diseases
Venom
Veterinary medicine
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3daxQxEA9SEAQRv109ZYSK-rB0P5Js0rdaW6pIfdCWvi3ZfND1Iyt3W8T_3pndvbMrQl98ObhLuNxkJpPf7M38hrFtT9egLMuUuxBS7l1INbdlan1uQqMClUNStsWxPDrh78_E2aVWX5QTNtIDjxu3UwktKXXD556ozbLGFY1qCqetVtwUbvC-mV4HU6MPlsTiRKGWxCNEIck65V0IjPZztVOV9PdgMbuMBs7-oTDX4Huz8dHXzyk6_tn-C4P-nUp56W46vM1uTaAS9kZh7rBrPt5lN8cncjAWGt1jK7QIOPWx-w5dAOo73xuc7WC_w4gZXh1QXZszfheOzRcDEV9e78K7CKdtv-yAEg5_AVWjwFvyC9H2MHVQp2yOb_BxaLG1gjbCp2ULH0z8au6zk8ODz_tH6dRyIbWI6_rUC2d4UyLMEtZyawSVnupKhxJ17b1puHQIeCxXjW0qFawuUHTJicOmMiEvH7Ct2EX_iAG3KkgXcqV94M4Tjx9CHx-kLjKlRUjYi_Xe1z9GZo16iEiEqElH9aSjhL0hxWzmEB_28AFaST1ZSX2VlSTs4aTWP2sVBK3yhL0kNdd0nlGD1kxlCSgEMWPVe4TQMI6kH7KYzcRzaGfD25OhXCHOYm1F9eQuVjVG4VJlUnGVsOebYVqAUuCi7y5oTkGk0lVWoTCj0W0WIhxSVhy_vJqZ42zT5iOxPR_IxCURuOny8f_Y5SfsBok6PqFasK1-eeGfImbrm2fD8fwN46g4Mg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Open Access Journals (Hindawi Publishing)
  dbid: RHX
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3da9RAEF-0IAgifvfqKSNU1IfgJdlsdvtWa8spUkFtubew2Q8atRu5SxH_e2eSvdNUQV8OcrvJZjMf-5tk5reM7TpaBkWeJ9x6n3BnfaK4yRPjUu1r6akckrItjsX8hL9dFItIkrT68xM-rnYYnqfyZZnT9zz0tVelJPv7MF-sHa4gyiaKqwTaC8Uf6_z2S-eOVp6eoL-vwtV4rDcO-doZhcLfm78Bzst5k78tREe32M2IIGF_EPltdsWFO-zG8PoNhqqiu2yF4odTF9pzaD3QJvOdxt4WDloMj-H5IRWxWe324Fh_1hDw58UevAlw2nTLFii78AdQ6Qm8JicQTAdxu3RK3fgK7_v9tFbQBPi4bOCdDl_0PXZydPjpYJ7E_RUSgyCuS1xhNa9zxFSFMdzogupMVal8joJ1TtdcWEQ3hsva1KX0RmU4dcGJsKbUPs3vs63QBrfNgBvphfWpVM5z64i0D3GO80JlM6kKP2FP18---jbQaFR9-FEUFcmoijKasFckmE0fIr_u_0CFqKItVWWhBGXzuNQR292stlkt68wqoyTXmZ2wB1Gsv8bKCEelE_aMxFyR8aIEjY41CDgJosGq9gmOYdBINzId9USjM6Pm3ago_5jOdK1FVfQNqwpDbiFnQnI5YU82zTQA5bsF115Qn4wYpMtZiZMZlG4zEIGOvOR48XKkjqOHNm4JzVnPHC6IrU3lO_939w_ZdTocXjhN2Va3vHCPEIJ19ePeAH8CAjkmJw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Hindawi Publishing
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3db9MwELegEwIJIShfhYKMNAQ8RGsSx7H3grbRaSAoCFi1t8jxBy0IZ7SZ0P577hKnIwjBS6XUVmznPnxn3_2OkG2L2yBP04gZ5yJmjYsk02mkbaxcKRymQ2K0xYwfHbM3J9lJOHBbh7DKTic2itpUGs_Id8BR4WLCBRMvT39EWDUKb1dDCY3LZCsBT2EyIFv709mHj50u5ojmhC4XB1FC16QLfc8y8PpjsZOneE2Y9DalBru_SdBV8Kw2uvrKAr3kn8u_2aJ_hlT-tkcd3iQ3gnFJ91puuEUuWT8kV0Od88X5kFxvT-lom3w0JMM5RsM0Kbn0Xbhlv03WwDt0bn31nVaOYoX6WsH7DD2owLemz6eYAWeU3aUz9VVRDz8vdulrT-fLelVRDE08p5i3Ql-hBvG6pt0ckCXo-6YY15ouPf20WtK3yn9Td8jx4fTzwVEUijNEGizAOrKZUaxMwSDLtGZaZZikKnPpUuAKa1XJuAHTSDNR6jIXTssEPg5niHaTKxend8nAV97eJ5Rp4bhxsZDWMWMR8Q-MJOu4TCZCZm5EnnbUKU5bDI6i8V2yrEAqFoGKI7KPpNv0QeTs5o9q9aUIgljkmeQYCmRji1B5k9IkpSgTI7UUTCVmRO4Fwl-MlaARFo_IM2SEAiUfaKxVSGCARSCGVrGHthx4nDiRca8nSKzuNW8HVvrPcsYdnxVBsayLCzEYkSebZhwAg-W8rc6wT4Lw0_kkh8W0bLkZCC2WNGfw8rzHsL2P1m_xy0UDO84R6k2mD_49rYfkGi6iPaUak0G9OrOPwG6ry8dBOH8BAr09AQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3da9RAEF9KRRBE_DZ6ygoV9SH2kuxudgsitbZUkfqgV_oWNvtho3WjuRTtf-9MkoumFPTl4G432dudmd35JTO_IWTD4TEosixm1vuYOetjxUwWG5doX0qP6ZAYbXEg9hfs3RE_WiOraqPDAi4vhHZYT2rRnLz49ePsFRj8y87gOQf8nsjNPMMXfrAZX0oZYHQM4mPj-wSBrE4IvQSYFEKUVQj8uasnh1PH4d8l6mr4rsc9-_IxouWf1UU-6fnQyr_Oqr3r5NrgZNLtXitukDUXbpKr_RM62ice3SJL0BB66EL9jdaeYh36VkNvS3dqQND02S7muVnttuiB_qJpgI_nW_RtoIdV29QUAxDPKGan0De4TwTT0qGiOkZ3nNAPXcmtJa0C_dhU9L0OX_Vtstjb_bSzHw8lGGIDfl4bO241KzNwu7gxzGiOqagqVz4D2TunSyYsOECGydKUufRGpTB1wZDTJtc-ye6Q9VAHd49QZqQX1idSOc-sQ14_cIWcFyqdS8V9RJ6s1r743jNtFB1C4bxAGRWDjCLyGgUz9kF-7O6HuvlcDOZW5FwJDPhxiUNCvHlp01KWqVVGSaZTG5G7g1j_jJWiq5VE5CmKuUCNAwkaPaQpwCSQKavYRo8NcCX-kdmkJ9ilmTRvDIryj-nMVlpUrLS_AFQu5FxIJiPyeGzGATAkLrj6FPukSDKdz3OYTK9040Dol2Q5g5vnE3WcLNq0JVTHHbm4QEI3ld3_j3EfkCs4k_6B1Iyst82pewguWls-6qzvNwnBNCM
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title The Venom of Spectacled Cobra (Elapidae: Naja naja): In Vitro Study from Distinct Geographical Origins in Sri Lanka
URI https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1202831
https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7358472
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30363742
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2116806848
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2126906707
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6180993
https://doaj.org/article/75964237e1e04440bd2b8b2d9c984a2d
Volume 2018
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwELfWISQkhPgmUCojDQEPWZvEcZy9baVdQaxMg019ixzHZtlWZ2ozIf577vJRCEJC4sVSa1fO5T585979jpAdjccgDwKXZca4TGfGjZkKXKU9aVJhsBwSsy3mfHbKPi7CxRYJ21qYKmlfpfmuvVru2vy8yq28Xqphmyc2PD4acwSdioNhj_RAQNsQvTa_HAGcMMrioD0YjbTZ7mEIgb4nhlGA_wxiFxu03kHE_M6RVCH3V-W5Ej7LjaW-fY4x8vf8b57onwmVv51Q0_vkXuNa0v2ahAdkS9uH5G59L0frcqNHZA1yQc-0LZa0MBS7z5cSVmd0XEDcTN9OsLotk3qPzuWFpBaGd3v0g6VnebkqKKYd_qBYk0Lfo3WwqqRNH3XM6biin6tGW2uaW_plldNP0l7Kx-R0Ovk6nrlN4wVXgXdXujrMJEsDcLZCpZiSIRagxlFsAuC41jJlPAO3RzGRqjQSRsU-kM4ZItlE0njBE7JtC6ufEcqUMDwznoi1YZlGND9wgLThsT8ScWgc8rp998l1ja-RVHFJGCbIrqRhl0MOkDGbNYiKXX1RrL4ljWwkURhzTPPRnkYYvFGa-alI_SxWsWDSzxzytGHrr718dLA8h7xBNieo1cBBJZviBCAC8bGSffTTIJrEB-l3VoI2qs70TiMo_yCn30pR0hiNdQKxOBcjLphwyKvNNG6AiXBWFze4xkdo6WgUATG10G02auXZIVFHHDsvrTsDGlZBijca9fy_f_mC3EH66supPtkuVzf6JbhrZTogPTE9HJBbB5P58cmguvSA8XDhwXjEBIwns8WgUuKfLsk_ng
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,866,867,880,881,888,2109,2228,12777,21400,24330,27936,27937,33385,33386,33756,33757,43612,43817,53804,53806,74363,74630
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3db9MwELdgCA0JISgfKxQw0hDwEK1JHMfeCxpjpYOuPLBVe7Mcf6wF4Yw2E9p_jy9xOoIQvFRKbcV27sN39t3vENo2sA3SNI2ItjYiRtuIE5VGysTSFsxCOiREW0zp-IR8PM1Ow4HbKoRVtjqxVtS6VHBGvuMdFcqGlBH29vxHBFWj4HY1lNC4jm6Q1O_VkCk--tBqYgpYTuBwUS9I4Ji0ge9Z5n3-mO3kKVwSJp0tqUbur9NzpX-Wa019cw4-8s_F3yzRPwMqf9uhRnfRnWBa4r2GF-6ha8b10Gaocj6_7KHbzRkdblKPeqg3g1iYOiEXH4U79vto5TkHz4wrv-PSYqhPX0n_Po33S-9Z49cHkP-mpdnFU_lVYud_3uziQ4dni2pZYghMvMSQtYLfg_5wqsLtHIAh8Oe6FNcKLxz-slzgiXTf5AN0Mjo43h9HoTRDpLz9V0Um05IUqTfHMqWIkhmkqPKc29TzhDGyIFR7w0gRVqgiZ1bxxH8cSgDrJpc2Th-iDVc6s4UwUcxSbWPGjSXaAN6fN5GMpTwZMp7ZPnrZUkecNwgcovZcskwAFUWgYh-9A9Kt-wBudv1HuTwTQQxFnnEKgUAmNgCUNyx0UrAi0VxxRmSi--hRIPzVWAmYYHEfvQJGECD3nsZKhvQFvwhA0BJ7YMl5fxMmMuj09PKqOs3bgZX-s5xBy2ciqJWVuBKCPnqxboYBIFTOmfIC-iQAPp0Pc7-Yhi3XA4G9kubEvzzvMGzno3Vb3GJeg45TAHrj6eN_T-s52hwfH03E5HD66Qm6BQtqzqsGaKNaXpin3oKrime1mP4Cwq0-jA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3rb9MwELegEw8JISivQgEjDQEforaJ49j7gvZotcEoE2PVvlmOH7QgnNFmQvvv8SVORxCCL5VSW7Gde_jOvvsdQpsGtkGaJBHR1kbEaBtxopJImZG0ObOQDgnRFlO6f0LenaanIf5pFcIqG51YKWpdKDgjH3hHhbIhZYQNbAiLONqbvD37EUEFKbhpDeU0rqKNjNBk2EEbO-Pp0adGL1NAdgL3i3qxAjelCYNP04HfBdkgS-DKMG5tUBWOf5WsK_2zXOvta3PwmH8u_maX_hle-dt-NbmDbgdDE2_XnHEXXTGui26Emufziy66VZ_Y4ToRqYu6M4iMqdJz8Ydw434PrTwf4ZlxxXdcWAzV6kvp36fxbuH9bPx6DNlwWpotPJVfJXb-580WPnB4tiiXBYYwxQsMOSx4D7SJUyVu5gDsgT9WhblWeOHw8XKBD6X7Ju-jk8n48-5-FAo1RMpbg2VkUi1JnnjjLFWKKJlCwirPuE08hxgjc0K1N5MUYbnKM2YVj_3HoQSQbzJpR8kD1HGFM48QJopZqu2IcWOJNoD-5w0mYymPh4yntodeNtQRZzUeh6j8mDQVQEURqNhDO0C6dR9A0a7-KJZfRBBKkaWcQliQGRmAzRvmOs5ZHmuuOCMy1j30MBD-cqwYDLJRD70CRhCgBTyNlQzJDH4RgKcltsGu894nTKTf6umlV7WaNwMr_Wc5_YbPRFAyK3EpEj30Yt0MA0DgnDPFOfSJAYo6G2Z-MTVbrgcC6yXJiH951mLY1kdrt7jFvIIgpwD7xpPH_57Wc3Tdy6g4PJi-f4Juwnrqw6s-6pTLc_PUm3Nl_izI6S-a6kQp
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Venom+of+Spectacled+Cobra+%28Elapidae%3A+Naja+naja%29%3A+In+Vitro+Study+from+Distinct+Geographical+Origins+in+Sri+Lanka&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology&rft.au=Dissanayake%2C+Duminda+S+B&rft.au=Thewarage%2C+Lasanthika+D&rft.au=Waduge%2C+Roshitha+N&rft.au=Ranasinghe%2C+J+G+S&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.issn=1687-8191&rft.volume=2018&rft.spage=7358472&rft.epage=7358472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2018%2F7358472&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1687-8191&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1687-8191&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1687-8191&client=summon