EXITitis in the UK: Gravity Estimates in the Aftermath of Brexit

• Published in: De Economist (Netherlands) Vol. 171; no. 2; pp. 185 - 206
• Main Authors: Brakman, Steven, Garretsen, Harry, Kohl, Tristan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.06.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: COVID-19; Economic Policy; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods; Economics; Economics and Finance; EU membership; Free trade; Gravity; International trade; Microeconomics; Original Paper; Public Finance; Secession; Trade agreements; United Kingdom > UK; Trade policy; Brexit; Gravity model; F14; Economic integration; F13; Regions
• ISSN: 0013-063X; 1572-9982
• DOI: 10.1007/s10645-023-09421-3

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union has had disruptive effects on international trade. As part of its ‘Global Britain’ strategy in the wake of Brexit, the UK is pursuing a series of Free Trade Agreements with countries around the world, including Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and possibly the United States. Closer to home, the UK is under mounting pressure to dissuade Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales from seeking independence to regain the severed ties with the EU. We analyze the economic consequences of these scenarios with a state-of-the-art structural gravity model for major economies around the world. We find that ‘Global Britain’ yields insufficient trade creation to compensate for Brexit-induced trade losses. Our results also reveal that secession from the UK in itself would inflict greater post-Brexit economic harm on the devolved nations of Great Britain. Nevertheless, these effects could be offset when secession from the UK is combined with regained EU membership.