Tick-borne flaviviruses: dissecting host immune responses and virus countermeasures

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus , includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their eme...

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Published inImmunologic research Vol. 43; no. 1-3; pp. 172 - 186
Main Authors Robertson, Shelly J., Mitzel, Dana N., Taylor, R. Travis, Best, Sonja M., Bloom, Marshall E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Humana Press Inc 2009
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus , includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their emergence to new geographic areas, and the recent rise in the incidence of human infections. The most notable member of the TBE serocomplex is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a neurotropic flavivirus that causes debilitating and sometimes fatal encephalitis. Although effective prophylactic anti-TBEV vaccines have been developed, there is currently no specific treatment for infection. To identify new targets for therapeutical intervention, it is imperative to understand interactions between TBEV and the host immune response to infection. Interferon (IFN) has a critical role in controlling flavivirus replication. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent an early target of TBEV infection and are major producers of IFN. Thus, interactions between DCs, IFN responses, and the virus are likely to substantially influence the outcome of infection. Early IFN and DC responses are modulated not only by the virus, but also by the tick vector and immunomodulatory compounds of tick saliva inoculated with virus into the skin. Our laboratory is examining interactions between the triad of virus, tick vector, and mammalian host that contribute to the pathogenesis of tick-borne flaviviruses. This work will provide a more detailed understanding of early events in virus infection and their impact on flavivirus pathogenesis.
AbstractList The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their emergence to new geographic areas, and the recent rise in the incidence of human infections. The most notable member of the TBE serocomplex is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a neurotropic flavivirus that causes debilitating and sometimes fatal encephalitis. Although effective prophylactic anti-TBEV vaccines have been developed, there is currently no specific treatment for infection. To identify new targets for therapeutical intervention, it is imperative to understand interactions between TBEV and the host immune response to infection. Interferon (IFN) has a critical role in controlling flavivirus replication. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent an early target of TBEV infection and are major producers of IFN. Thus, interactions between DCs, IFN responses, and the virus are likely to substantially influence the outcome of infection. Early IFN and DC responses are modulated not only by the virus, but also by the tick vector and immunomodulatory compounds of tick saliva inoculated with virus into the skin. Our laboratory is examining interactions between the triad of virus, tick vector, and mammalian host that contribute to the pathogenesis of tick-borne flaviviruses. This work will provide a more detailed understanding of early events in virus infection and their impact on flavivirus pathogenesis.
Issue Title: National Institutes of Health/NIAID special issue The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their emergence to new geographic areas, and the recent rise in the incidence of human infections. The most notable member of the TBE serocomplex is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a neurotropic flavivirus that causes debilitating and sometimes fatal encephalitis. Although effective prophylactic anti-TBEV vaccines have been developed, there is currently no specific treatment for infection. To identify new targets for therapeutical intervention, it is imperative to understand interactions between TBEV and the host immune response to infection. Interferon (IFN) has a critical role in controlling flavivirus replication. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent an early target of TBEV infection and are major producers of IFN. Thus, interactions between DCs, IFN responses, and the virus are likely to substantially influence the outcome of infection. Early IFN and DC responses are modulated not only by the virus, but also by the tick vector and immunomodulatory compounds of tick saliva inoculated with virus into the skin. Our laboratory is examining interactions between the triad of virus, tick vector, and mammalian host that contribute to the pathogenesis of tick-borne flaviviruses. This work will provide a more detailed understanding of early events in virus infection and their impact on flavivirus pathogenesis. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus , includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological illnesses and hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses pose a significant public health problem due to high rates of morbidity and mortality, their emergence to new geographic areas, and the recent rise in the incidence of human infections. The most notable member of the TBE serocomplex is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a neurotropic flavivirus that causes debilitating and sometimes fatal encephalitis. Although effective prophylactic anti-TBEV vaccines have been developed, there is currently no specific treatment for infection. To identify new targets for therapeutical intervention, it is imperative to understand interactions between TBEV and the host immune response to infection. Interferon (IFN) has a critical role in controlling flavivirus replication. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent an early target of TBEV infection and are major producers of IFN. Thus, interactions between DCs, IFN responses, and the virus are likely to substantially influence the outcome of infection. Early IFN and DC responses are modulated not only by the virus, but also by the tick vector and immunomodulatory compounds of tick saliva inoculated with virus into the skin. Our laboratory is examining interactions between the triad of virus, tick vector, and mammalian host that contribute to the pathogenesis of tick-borne flaviviruses. This work will provide a more detailed understanding of early events in virus infection and their impact on flavivirus pathogenesis.
Author Robertson, Shelly J.
Bloom, Marshall E.
Mitzel, Dana N.
Taylor, R. Travis
Best, Sonja M.
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Tick-borne flavivirus
Dendritic cells
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Publisher Humana Press Inc
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Snippet The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus , includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological...
The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, includes a number of important human pathogens that cause serious neurological...
Issue Title: National Institutes of Health/NIAID special issue The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, includes a number of...
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StartPage 172
SubjectTerms Allergology
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Dendritic Cells - metabolism
Dendritic Cells - virology
Disease Vectors
Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne - immunology
Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne - pathogenicity
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - immunology
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - transmission
Encephalitis, Tick-Borne - virology
Flavivirus
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
Interferon
Interferons - immunology
Interferons - metabolism
Internal Medicine
Ixodidae
Janus Kinases - immunology
Janus Kinases - metabolism
Medicine/Public Health
Neurological disorders
Parasites
Pathogens
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - metabolism
Signal Transduction - immunology
STAT Transcription Factors - immunology
STAT Transcription Factors - metabolism
Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Ticks - virology
Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology
Viral Envelope Proteins - metabolism
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - immunology
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - metabolism
Viral Vaccines - immunology
Viruses
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Title Tick-borne flaviviruses: dissecting host immune responses and virus countermeasures
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