Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses

The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immu...

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Published in	Reviews in medical virology Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 37 - 48
Main Authors	Graci, Jason D., Cameron, Craig E.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.01.2006 Wiley Periodicals Inc
Subjects	Animals Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Drug Resistance, Viral Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Genome, Viral Humans IMP Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors Mutation Review Reviews Ribavirin - metabolism Ribavirin - pharmacology RNA Caps - drug effects T-Lymphocytes - immunology Viruses - drug effects Viruses - genetics
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Abstract	The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AbstractList	The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo . Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy.The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy. The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy.
Author	Cameron, Craig E. Graci, Jason D.
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jason D. surname: Graci fullname: Graci, Jason D. organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Craig E. surname: Cameron fullname: Cameron, Craig E. email: cec9@psu.edu organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16287208$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Mechanism of action of 1-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3 1997; 236 1987; 31 1991; 16 2004; 126 1977; 26 2000; 47 2000; 6 2000; 48 1978; 75 1992; 122 2000; 44 2004; 23 1988; 32 2003; 59 1998; 40 1972; 177 2003; 113 2003; 311 2003; 310 2005; 67 1989; 33 1987; 235 1987; 158 2005; 102 1991; 181 2005; 107 2003; 4 1978; 27 2005; 309 1999; 96 1996; 25 2001; 12 2003; 42 2005; 79 1972; 15 2001; 98 2004; 101 1973; 244 1973; 70 1996; 17 2004; 40 2001; 285 1986; 314 2005; 352 1985; 5 1990; 38 1997; 26 1989; 7 1997; 25 2002; 76 1998; 339 2000; 270 2003; 38 1985; 40 1993; 268 1996; 10 2003; 77 1990; 3 2001; 276 1991; 164 2005; 280 1990; 22 1989; 11 1979; 89 2004; 279 2004; 432 1989; 168 1995; 49 2000; 74 1977; 11 2003; 29 1999; 30 2005; 11 2003; 100 2001; 75 1998; 79 e_1_2_1_81_2 e_1_2_1_41_2 e_1_2_1_66_2 e_1_2_1_22_2 e_1_2_1_45_2 e_1_2_1_60_2 e_1_2_1_83_2 e_1_2_1_20_2 e_1_2_1_62_2 e_1_2_1_26_2 e_1_2_1_49_2 e_1_2_1_24_2 e_1_2_1_47_2 Bronze MS (e_1_2_1_11_2) 2003; 4 e_1_2_1_68_2 Pockros P (e_1_2_1_43_2) 2004; 40 e_1_2_1_28_2 Cooper AC (e_1_2_1_9_2) 2003; 29 e_1_2_1_6_2 e_1_2_1_54_2 e_1_2_1_75_2 e_1_2_1_4_2 e_1_2_1_56_2 e_1_2_1_77_2 e_1_2_1_2_2 e_1_2_1_12_2 e_1_2_1_33_2 e_1_2_1_50_2 e_1_2_1_71_2 e_1_2_1_10_2 e_1_2_1_52_2 e_1_2_1_73_2 e_1_2_1_16_2 e_1_2_1_37_2 e_1_2_1_14_2 e_1_2_1_35_2 e_1_2_1_58_2 e_1_2_1_79_2 e_1_2_1_8_2 e_1_2_1_18_2 e_1_2_1_39_2 Domingo E (e_1_2_1_64_2) 1996; 10 e_1_2_1_80_2 e_1_2_1_40_2 e_1_2_1_65_2 e_1_2_1_67_2 e_1_2_1_44_2 e_1_2_1_61_2 e_1_2_1_82_2 e_1_2_1_21_2 e_1_2_1_42_2 e_1_2_1_63_2 e_1_2_1_27_2 e_1_2_1_48_2 e_1_2_1_25_2 e_1_2_1_46_2 e_1_2_1_69_2 e_1_2_1_29_2 Fernandez‐Larsson R (e_1_2_1_31_2) 1990; 38 e_1_2_1_70_2 Balzarini J (e_1_2_1_23_2) 1993; 268 e_1_2_1_53_2 e_1_2_1_76_2 e_1_2_1_7_2 e_1_2_1_55_2 e_1_2_1_78_2 e_1_2_1_5_2 e_1_2_1_34_2 e_1_2_1_72_2 e_1_2_1_3_2 e_1_2_1_32_2 e_1_2_1_51_2 e_1_2_1_74_2 e_1_2_1_15_2 e_1_2_1_38_2 e_1_2_1_13_2 e_1_2_1_36_2 e_1_2_1_19_2 Balzarini J (e_1_2_1_30_2) 1990; 3 e_1_2_1_57_2 e_1_2_1_17_2 e_1_2_1_59_2
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Snippet	The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed... The nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo . Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Drug Resistance, Viral Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Genome, Viral Humans IMP Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors Mutation Review Reviews Ribavirin - metabolism Ribavirin - pharmacology RNA Caps - drug effects T-Lymphocytes - immunology Viruses - drug effects Viruses - genetics
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Title	Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses
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