IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION UNDER THE ICH GUIDELINES ON THE CONDUCT OF REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY STUDIES - REPORT ON CURRENT STATUS IN JAPAN, EUROPE AND THE US BY QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
We surveyed interpretation of the ICH guidelines concerning reproductive toxicology. Valid responses were obtained from Japan (JPN), Europe (EUR) and the US. The results obtained were compared to those at the time of a previous survey targeted at JPN facilities in 1995-1996 as well as compared among...
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Published in | Journal of toxicological sciences Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 201 - 215 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Japan
The Japanese Society of Toxicology
2004
Japan Science and Technology Agency |
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Abstract | We surveyed interpretation of the ICH guidelines concerning reproductive toxicology. Valid responses were obtained from Japan (JPN), Europe (EUR) and the US. The results obtained were compared to those at the time of a previous survey targeted at JPN facilities in 1995-1996 as well as compared among all three regions. Compared to the previous survey in Japan, the number of facilities performing toxicokinetics (TK) in rats has slightly increased. This result was considered to represent changes of attitude toward TK in reproductive toxicity studies. Differences in interpretation of the guidelines between JPN, EUR and the US were widely seen. Clear differences were noted in sperm examinations, postnatal tests, fetal examinations, some examinations for F1 animals after culling and TK. Researchers in the West seemed to be interpreting the ICH guidelines more flexibly from the scientific point of view. JPN researchers appeared to interpret the guidelines, including notes, as rigid requirements. Most of the parts which produced different interpretations were the notes in the guidelines. The force of mention in the notes should be defined in the future. In addition, there were doubts about some parts, including notes, which had been found to have become unsuitable for the implementation of studies because of scientific progress or from long experience in using the guidelines. Therefore, updates of the guidelines may be needed in the future as well as the remedy of interpretation by JPN researchers. In JPN, the number of reproductive toxicity studies has decreased. The scanty experience in JPN therefore raises apprehension of appropriate selection and stagnating development of methodology, and might hinder the maintenance of the guidelines. In the future, the cooperation of CROs as well as global collaboration will be essential not only to scientific developments of reproductive toxicology but also updates of the guidelines. |
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AbstractList | We surveyed interpretation of the ICH guidelines concerning reproductive toxicology. Valid responses were obtained from Japan (JPN), Europe (EUR) and the US. The results obtained were compared to those at the time of a previous survey targeted at JPN facilities in 1995-1996 as well as compared among all three regions. Compared to the previous survey in Japan, the number of facilities performing toxicokinetics (TK) in rats has slightly increased. This result was considered to represent changes of attitude toward TK in reproductive toxicity studies. Differences in interpretation of the guidelines between JPN, EUR and the US were widely seen. Clear differences were noted in sperm examinations, postnatal tests, fetal examinations, some examinations for F1 animals after culling and TK. Researchers in the West seemed to be interpreting the ICH guidelines more flexibly from the scientific point of view. JPN researchers appeared to interpret the guidelines, including notes, as rigid requirements. Most of the parts which produced different interpretations were the notes in the guidelines. The force of mention in the notes should be defined in the future. In addition, there were doubts about some parts, including notes, which had been found to have become unsuitable for the implementation of studies because of scientific progress or from long experience in using the guidelines. Therefore, updates of the guidelines may be needed in the future as well as the remedy of interpretation by JPN researchers. In JPN, the number of reproductive toxicity studies has decreased. The scanty experience in JPN therefore raises apprehension of appropriate selection and stagnating development of methodology, and might hinder the maintenance of the guidelines. In the future, the cooperation of CROs as well as global collaboration will be essential not only to scientific developments of reproductive toxicology but also updates of the guidelines. We surveyed interpretation of the ICH guidelines concerning reproductive toxicology. Valid responses were obtained from Japan (JPN), Europe (EUR) and the U.S. The results obtained were compared to those at the time of a previous survey targeted at JPN facilities in 1995-1996 as well as compared among all three regions. Compared to the previous survey in Japan, the number of facilities performing toxicokinetics (TK) in rats has slightly increased. This result was considered to represent changes of attitude toward TK in reproductive toxicity studies. Differences in interpretation of the guidelines between JPN, EUR and the US were widely seen. Clear differences were noted in sperm examinations, postnatal tests, fetal examinations, some examinations for F1 animals after culling and TK. Researchers in the West seemed to be interpreting the ICH guidelines more flexibly from the scientific point of view. JPN researchers appeared to interpret the guidelines, including notes, as rigid requirements. Most of the parts which produced different interpretations were the notes in the guidelines. The force of mention in the notes should be defined in the future. In addition, there were doubts about some parts, including notes, which had been found to have become unsuitable for the implementation of studies because of scientific progress or from long experience in using the guidelines. Therefore, updates of the guidelines may be needed in the future as well as the remedy of interpretation by JPN researchers. In JPN, the number of reproductive toxicity studies has decreased. The scanty experience in JPN therefore raises apprehension of appropriate selection and stagnating development of methodology, and might hinder the maintenance of the guidelines. In the future, the cooperation of CROs as well as global collaboration will be essential not only to scientific developments of reproductive toxicology but also updates of the guidelines. |
Author | NUMA, Toshiaki ENDO, Yoshihiko MATSUZAWA, Toshiaki NISHIGAKI, Keiji OGASAWARA, Hiroyuki MINESHIMA, Hiroshi HIRANO, Fumiya |
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References | OECD (1995): OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals / Section 4: Health effects, Test No. 421: Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (E-book PDF format). OECD Bookshop, Paris, France (available at http://oecdpublications.gfi-nb.com/cgi-bin/OECD BookShop.storefront/EN/catalog/). ICH Steering Committee (1993): Harmonized tripartite guideline: Detection of toxicity to reproduction for medicinal products (available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/ichindexe.html). ICH Steering Committee (2000): Harmonized tripartite guideline: Maintenance of the ICH guideline on toxicity to male fertility: An addendum to ICH harmonized tripartite guideline on detection of toxicity to reproduction for medicinal products (available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/ichindexe.html). OECD (1983): OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals / Section 4: Health effects, Test No. 415: One-generation reproduction toxicity study, prenatal development (E-book PDF format). OECD Bookshop, Paris, France (available at http://oecdpublications.gfi-nb.com/cgi-bin/OECDBookShop.storefront/EN/catalog/). OECD (1984): OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals / Section 4: Health effects, Test No. 417: Toxicokinetics (E-book PDF format). OECD Bookshop, Paris, France (available at http://oecdpublications.gfi-nb.com/cgi-bin/OECDBookShop.storefront/EN/catalog/). OECD (2001a): OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals / Section 4: Health effects, Test No. 414: Prenatal development (E-book PDF format). OECD Bookshop, Paris, France (available at http://oecdpublications.gfi-nb.com/cgi-bin/OECDBookShop.storefront/EN/catalog/). OECD (2001b): OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals / Section 4: Health effects, Test No. 416: Two-generation reproduction toxicity (E-book PDF format). OECD Bookshop, Paris, France (available at http://oecdpublications.gfi-nb.com/cgi-bin/OECDBookShop.storefront/EN/catalog/). Drug Evaluation Committee, JPMA (1997): Report on the problem on conducting reproductive toxicity studies by questionnaire survey. Shiryo 84, JPMA, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese). ICH Steering Committee (1994): Harmonized tripartite guideline: Note for guidance on toxicokinetics: The assessment of systemic exposure in toxicity studies (available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/ichindexe.html). ICH Steering Committee (1995): Harmonized tripartite guideline: Toxicity to male fertility: An addendum to ICH harmonized tripartite guideline on detection of toxicity to reproduction for medicinal products (available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/ichindexe.html). ICH Steering Committee (1997): Harmonized tripartite guideline: Non-clinical safety studies for the conduct of human clinical trials for pharmaceuticals (available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/ichindexe.html). 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
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Title | IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION UNDER THE ICH GUIDELINES ON THE CONDUCT OF REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY STUDIES - REPORT ON CURRENT STATUS IN JAPAN, EUROPE AND THE US BY QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY |
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