Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review

Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on variou...

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Published inToxins Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 550
Main Authors Bouteiller, Pierre, Lance, Emilie, Guérin, Thierry, Biré, Ronel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Amino acids
Analytical chemistry
Animal tissues
Bioassays
Chemical Sciences
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Chromatography
Cyanobacteria
cyanotoxins
Desorption
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Sciences
Enzymes
Extraction (Chemistry)
Fatty acids
Free form
Identification and classification
Immunology
Irradiation
Lasers
Measurement
method of analysis
Methods
Microcystins
Microcystis
MMPB method
Organisms
Ozone
ozonolysis
pH effects
Phenylbutyric acid
Proteins
Review
Sediments
total toxins content
Toxins
France
Ozonolysis
MMPB method
Total toxins content
Cyanotoxins
Laser irradiation desorption
Microcystins
Method of analysis
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.
AbstractList Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.
Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.
Audience Academic
Author Guérin, Thierry
Biré, Ronel
Bouteiller, Pierre
Lance, Emilie
AuthorAffiliation 1 Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques (SEBIO), BP 1039, CEDEX 2, F-51687 Reims, France
3 UMR MNHN/CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
2 Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
4 Strategy and Programs Department, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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– name: 2 Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
– name: 4 Strategy and Programs Department, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
– name: 1 Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques (SEBIO), BP 1039, CEDEX 2, F-51687 Reims, France
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Keywords Ozonolysis
MMPB method
Total toxins content
Cyanotoxins
Laser irradiation desorption
Microcystins
Method of analysis
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Snippet Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free...
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StartPage 550
SubjectTerms Amino acids
Analytical chemistry
Animal tissues
Bioassays
Chemical Sciences
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Chromatography
Cyanobacteria
cyanotoxins
Desorption
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Sciences
Enzymes
Extraction (Chemistry)
Fatty acids
Free form
Identification and classification
Immunology
Irradiation
Lasers
Measurement
method of analysis
Methods
Microcystins
Microcystis
MMPB method
Organisms
Ozone
ozonolysis
pH effects
Phenylbutyric acid
Proteins
Review
Sediments
total toxins content
Toxins
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Title Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review
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Volume 14
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