AUTOSHAPING IN THE RAT: THE EFFECTS OF LOCALIZABLE VISUAL AND AUDITORY SIGNALS FOR FOOD
Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response‐independent food. In Experiment 1 considerable conditioned‐stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately...
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| Published in | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Vol. 40; no. 1; pp. 47 - 56 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.07.1983
Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-5002 1938-3711 |
| DOI | 10.1901/jeab.1983.40-47 |
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| Abstract | Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response‐independent food. In Experiment 1 considerable conditioned‐stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately 35 cm from the food tray. Using the same apparatus in Experiment 2 we found that the conditioned‐stimulus approach was generated only to a visual conditioned stimulus and not to a localizable auditory conditioned stimulus even though subjects (1) could discriminate presentations of the auditory conditioned stimulus, (2) had associated it with food, (3) could localize it, and (4) would approach the auditory stimulus if this behavior constituted an instrumental response to food. The predominant conditioned responses to the auditory stimuli were goal tracking (entering the food tray) and orienting towards the food‐paired conditioned stimulus by head turning and rearing and turning. These results imply that rats do not invariably approach a localizable appetitive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus but that stimulus‐approach responses depend on the nature and modality of the conditioned stimulus. |
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| AbstractList | Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response-independent food. In Experiment 1 considerable conditioned-stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately 35 cm from the food tray. Using the same apparatus in Experiment 2 we found that the conditioned-stimulus approach was generated only to a visual conditioned stimulus and not to a localizable auditory conditioned stimulus even though subjects (1) could discriminate presentations of the auditory conditioned stimulus, (2) had associated it with food, (3) could localize it, and (4) would approach the auditory stimulus if this behavior constituted an instrumental response to food. The predominant conditioned responses to the auditory stimuli were goal tracking (entering the food tray) and orienting towards the food-paired conditioned stimulus by head turning and rearing and turning. These results imply that rats do not invariably approach a localizable appetitive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus but that stimulus-approach responses depend on the nature and modality of the conditioned stimulus.Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response-independent food. In Experiment 1 considerable conditioned-stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately 35 cm from the food tray. Using the same apparatus in Experiment 2 we found that the conditioned-stimulus approach was generated only to a visual conditioned stimulus and not to a localizable auditory conditioned stimulus even though subjects (1) could discriminate presentations of the auditory conditioned stimulus, (2) had associated it with food, (3) could localize it, and (4) would approach the auditory stimulus if this behavior constituted an instrumental response to food. The predominant conditioned responses to the auditory stimuli were goal tracking (entering the food tray) and orienting towards the food-paired conditioned stimulus by head turning and rearing and turning. These results imply that rats do not invariably approach a localizable appetitive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus but that stimulus-approach responses depend on the nature and modality of the conditioned stimulus. Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response-independent food. In experiment 1 consideralbe conditioned-stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately 35 cm from the food tray. Using the same apparatus in Experiment 2 the authors found that the conditioned-stimulus approach was generated only to a visual conditioned stimulus and not to a localizable auditory conditioned stimulus even though subjects (1) could discriminate presentations of the auditory conditioned stimulus, (2) had associated it with food, (3) could localize it, and (4) would approach the auditory stimulus if this behavior constituted an instrumental response to food. These results imply that rats do not invariably approach a localizable appetitive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus but that stimulus-approach responses depend on the nature and modality of the conditioned stimulus. Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response‐independent food. In Experiment 1 considerable conditioned‐stimulus approach behavior was generated by a localizable visual conditioned stimulus that was situated approximately 35 cm from the food tray. Using the same apparatus in Experiment 2 we found that the conditioned‐stimulus approach was generated only to a visual conditioned stimulus and not to a localizable auditory conditioned stimulus even though subjects (1) could discriminate presentations of the auditory conditioned stimulus, (2) had associated it with food, (3) could localize it, and (4) would approach the auditory stimulus if this behavior constituted an instrumental response to food. The predominant conditioned responses to the auditory stimuli were goal tracking (entering the food tray) and orienting towards the food‐paired conditioned stimulus by head turning and rearing and turning. These results imply that rats do not invariably approach a localizable appetitive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus but that stimulus‐approach responses depend on the nature and modality of the conditioned stimulus. |
| Author | Cleland, Gary G. Davey, Graham C. L. |
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| References | Grastyán, E., & Vereczkei, L. Effects of spatial separation of the conditioned signal from the reinforcement: A demonstration of the conditioned character of the orienting response or the orientational character of conditioning. Behavioral Biology, 1974, 10, 121-146. Wilkie, D. M., & McDonald, A. C. Autoshaping in the rat with electrical stimulation of the brain as the US. Physiology and Behavior, 1978, 21, 325-328. Holland, P. C. Influence of visual conditioned stimulus characteristics on the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responding in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1980, 6, 81-97. Ewer, R. F. The biology and behaviour of a free-living population of black rats (Rattus rattus). Animal Behavior Monographs, 1971, 4, 127-174. Harrison, J. M. The control of responding by sounds: Unusual effect of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1979, 32, 167-181. Hearst, E., & Jenkins, H. M. Sign-tracking: The stimulus-reinforcer relation and directed action. Austin, Tex.: The Psychonomic Society, 1974. Brown, P. L., & Jenkins, H. M. Auto-shaping of the pigeon's key-peck. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1968, 11, 1-8. Buzsáki, G. The "where is it?" reflex: Autoshaping the orienting response. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1982, 37, 461-484. Atnip, G. W. Stimulus- and response-reinforcer contingencies in autoshaping, operant, classical, and omission training procedures in rats. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 28, 59-69. Timberlake, W., & Grant, D. L. Auto-shaping in rats to the presentation of another rat predicting food. Science, 1975, 190, 690-692. Steinhauer, G. D., Davol, G. H., & Lee, A. A procedure for autoshaping the pigeon's key peck to an auditory stimulus. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 28, 97-98. Stiers, M., & Silberberg, A. Lever-contact responses in rats: Automaintenance with and without a negative response-reinforcer dependency. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1974, 22, 497-506. Davey, G. C. L., & Cleland, G. G. Topography of signal-centered behavior in the rat: Effects of deprivation state and reinforcer type. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1982, 38, 291-304. Holland, P. C. Conditioned stimulus as a determinant of the form of the Pavlovian conditioned response. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1977, 3, 77-104. Locurto, C., Terrace, H. S., & Gibbon, J. Autoshaping, random control, and omission training in the rat. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1976, 26, 451-462. Davey, G. C. L., Oakley, D., & Cleland, G. G. Autoshaping in the rat: Effects of omission on the form of the response. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 36, 75-91. Jenkins, H. M., Barrera, F. J., Ireland, C., & Woodside, B. Signal-centered action patterns of dogs in appetitive classical conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 1978, 9, 272-296. Bilbrey, J., & Winokur, S. Controls for and constraints on auto-shaping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1973, 20, 323-332. Peterson, G. B. Response selection properties of food and brain-stimulation reinforcers in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 1975, 14, 681-688. Barnett, S. A. Behaviour components in the feeding of wild and laboratory rats. Behaviour, 1956, 9, 24-43. Davey, G. C. L., Phillips, S., & Cleland, G. G. The topography of signal-centred behaviour in the rat: The effects of solid and liquid food reinforcers. Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1981, 1, 331-337. 1982; 37 1982; 38 1974; 22 1973; 20 1974; 10 1977; 28 1981; 1 1978; 21 1975; 190 1981; 36 1977; 3 1980; 6 1956; 9 1974 1975; 14 1983 1979; 32 1976; 26 1968; 11 1978; 9 1971; 4 1977 Davey G. C. L. (e_1_2_1_10_1) 1981; 1 Hearst E. (e_1_2_1_14_1) 1974 Timberlake W. (e_1_2_1_23_1) 1983 Boakes R. A. (e_1_2_1_5_1) 1977 Schwartz B. (e_1_2_1_20_1) 1977 e_1_2_1_7_1 e_1_2_1_8_1 e_1_2_1_6_1 e_1_2_1_3_1 e_1_2_1_12_1 e_1_2_1_4_1 e_1_2_1_13_1 e_1_2_1_24_1 e_1_2_1_21_1 e_1_2_1_2_1 e_1_2_1_11_1 e_1_2_1_22_1 e_1_2_1_16_1 e_1_2_1_17_1 e_1_2_1_25_1 e_1_2_1_15_1 e_1_2_1_9_1 e_1_2_1_18_1 e_1_2_1_19_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Stiers, M., & Silberberg, A. Lever-contact responses in rats: Automaintenance with and without a negative response-reinforcer dependency. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1974, 22, 497-506. – reference: Davey, G. C. L., & Cleland, G. G. Topography of signal-centered behavior in the rat: Effects of deprivation state and reinforcer type. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1982, 38, 291-304. – reference: Davey, G. C. L., Phillips, S., & Cleland, G. G. The topography of signal-centred behaviour in the rat: The effects of solid and liquid food reinforcers. Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1981, 1, 331-337. – reference: Timberlake, W., & Grant, D. L. Auto-shaping in rats to the presentation of another rat predicting food. Science, 1975, 190, 690-692. – reference: Ewer, R. F. The biology and behaviour of a free-living population of black rats (Rattus rattus). Animal Behavior Monographs, 1971, 4, 127-174. – reference: Grastyán, E., & Vereczkei, L. Effects of spatial separation of the conditioned signal from the reinforcement: A demonstration of the conditioned character of the orienting response or the orientational character of conditioning. Behavioral Biology, 1974, 10, 121-146. – reference: Atnip, G. W. Stimulus- and response-reinforcer contingencies in autoshaping, operant, classical, and omission training procedures in rats. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 28, 59-69. – reference: Harrison, J. M. The control of responding by sounds: Unusual effect of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1979, 32, 167-181. – reference: Hearst, E., & Jenkins, H. M. Sign-tracking: The stimulus-reinforcer relation and directed action. Austin, Tex.: The Psychonomic Society, 1974. – reference: Holland, P. C. Influence of visual conditioned stimulus characteristics on the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responding in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1980, 6, 81-97. – reference: Jenkins, H. M., Barrera, F. J., Ireland, C., & Woodside, B. Signal-centered action patterns of dogs in appetitive classical conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 1978, 9, 272-296. – reference: Peterson, G. B. Response selection properties of food and brain-stimulation reinforcers in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 1975, 14, 681-688. – reference: Wilkie, D. M., & McDonald, A. C. Autoshaping in the rat with electrical stimulation of the brain as the US. Physiology and Behavior, 1978, 21, 325-328. – reference: Locurto, C., Terrace, H. S., & Gibbon, J. Autoshaping, random control, and omission training in the rat. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1976, 26, 451-462. – reference: Bilbrey, J., & Winokur, S. Controls for and constraints on auto-shaping. 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The "where is it?" reflex: Autoshaping the orienting response. 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| Snippet | Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response‐independent food. In Experiment 1... Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response-independent food. In Experiment 1... Two experiments investigated autoshaping in rats to localizable visual and auditory conditioned stimuli predicting response-independent food. In experiment 1... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal auditory conditioned stimulus autoshaping Biological and medical sciences Conditioning Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Learning. Memory Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology rats sign tracking visual conditioned stimulus |
| Title | AUTOSHAPING IN THE RAT: THE EFFECTS OF LOCALIZABLE VISUAL AND AUDITORY SIGNALS FOR FOOD |
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