Feasibility of small animal cranial irradiation with the microRT system
Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin® couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging...
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| Published in | Medical physics (Lancaster) Vol. 35; no. 10; pp. 4735 - 4743 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Association of Physicists in Medicine
01.10.2008
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin® couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals
(
n
=
48
)
were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of
5
Gy
fractions,
3
days
per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of
30
Gy
and 10% received a dose of
60
Gy
. Results: Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a
0.09
mm
average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added
±
0.1
mm
to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was
±
0.3
mm
in all three axes, a
0.2
mm
functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and
3.13
min
/animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions: The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90 degree sign and 270 degree sign microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0 degree sign microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals (n=48) were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy. Results: Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added {+-}0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was {+-}0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min/animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions: The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. Purpose : To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods : A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin ® couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR , an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals ( n = 48 ) were positioned to the CERR -generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy . Results : Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added ± 0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was ± 0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min /animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions : The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90 degree and 270 degree microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0 degree microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals (n=48) were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy. Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added 0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was +/-0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min/animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small‐animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre‐existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin® couch‐immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT‐scanned while positioned within the couch‐immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in‐house‐developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole‐brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left‐brain) irradiation comprised of a single A‐P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals (n=48) were positioned to the CERR‐generated treatment coordinates using the three‐axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir‐192 high‐dose‐rate remote after‐loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5Gy fractions, 3days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30Gy and 10% received a dose of 60Gy. Results: Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch‐immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09mm average, center‐of‐mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added ±0.1mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was ±0.3mm in all three axes, a 0.2mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure‐induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13min/animal for the whole‐brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions: The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT‐specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human‐type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system.PURPOSETo develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system.A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90 degree and 270 degree microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0 degree microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals (n=48) were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy.MATERIALS AND METHODSA custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90 degree and 270 degree microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0 degree microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals (n=48) were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy.Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added 0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was +/-0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min/animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength).RESULTSImage analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added 0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was +/-0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min/animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength).The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions.CONCLUSIONSThe method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin® couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR, an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals ( n = 48 ) were positioned to the CERR-generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy . Results: Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added ± 0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was ± 0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min /animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions: The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. Purpose : To develop and validate methods for small‐animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods : A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre‐existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin ® couch‐immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT‐scanned while positioned within the couch‐immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR , an in‐house‐developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole‐brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left‐brain) irradiation comprised of a single A‐P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals were positioned to the CERR ‐generated treatment coordinates using the three‐axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir‐192 high‐dose‐rate remote after‐loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of fractions, per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of and 10% received a dose of . Results : Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch‐immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a average, center‐of‐mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was in all three axes, a functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure‐induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and /animal for the whole‐brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions : The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT‐specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human‐type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. Purpose : To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods : A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with a pre-existing microRT animal couch. The Delrin ® couch-immobilizer assembly, compatible with multiple imaging modalities (CT, microCT, microMR, microPET, microSPECT, optical), was first imaged via CT in order to verify the safety and reproducibility of the immobilization method. Once verified, the subject animals were CT-scanned while positioned within the couch-immobilizer assembly for treatment planning purposes. The resultant images were then imported into CERR , an in-house-developed research treatment planning system, and registered to the microRTP treatment planning space using rigid registration. The targeted brain was then contoured and conformal radiotherapy plans were constructed for two separate studies: (1) a whole-brain irradiation comprised of two lateral beams at the 90° and 270° microRT treatment positions and (2) a hemispheric (left-brain) irradiation comprised of a single A-P vertex beam at the 0° microRT treatment position. During treatment, subject animals ( n =48) were positioned to the CERR -generated treatment coordinates using the three-axis microRT motor positioning system and were irradiated using a clinical Ir-192 high-dose-rate remote after-loading system. The radiation treatment course consisted of 5 Gy fractions, 3 days per week. 90% of the subjects received a total dose of 30 Gy and 10% received a dose of 60 Gy. Results : Image analysis verified the safety and reproducibility of the immobilizer. CT scans generated from repeated reloading and repositioning of the same subject animal in the couch-immobilizer assembly were fused to a baseline CT. The resultant analysis revealed a 0.09 mm average, center-of-mass translocation and negligible volumetric error in the contoured, murine brain. The experimental use of the head immobilizer added ±0.1 mm to microRT spatial uncertainty along each axis. Overall, the total spatial uncertainty for the prescribed treatments was ±0.3 mm in all three axes, a 0.2 mm functional improvement over the original version of microRT. Subject tolerance was good, with minimal observed side effects and a low procedure-induced mortality rate. Throughput was high, with average treatment times of 7.72 and 3.13 min∕animal for the whole-brain and hemispheric plans, respectively (dependent on source strength). Conclusions : The method described exhibits conformality more in line with the size differential between human and animal patients than provided by previous prevalent approaches. Using pretreatment imaging and microRT-specific treatment planning, our method can deliver an accurate, conformal dose distribution to the targeted murine brain (or a subregion of the brain) while minimizing excess dose to the surrounding tissue. Thus, preclinical animal studies assessing the radiotherapeutic response of both normal and malignant CNS tissue to complex dose distributions, which closer resemble human-type radiotherapy, are better enabled. The procedural and mechanistic framework for this method logically provides for future adaptation into other murine target organs or regions. |
| Author | Garbow, Joel R. Hope, Andrew J. Limbrick, David Deasy, Joseph O. Malinowski, Kathleen T. Kiehl, Erich L. Rubin, Joshua B. Jost, Sarah C. Parikh, Parag J. Khullar, Divya Low, Daniel A. Stojadinovic, Strahinja Izaguirre, Enrique W. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Erich L. surname: Kiehl fullname: Kiehl, Erich L. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 2 givenname: Strahinja surname: Stojadinovic fullname: Stojadinovic, Strahinja organization: Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298 – sequence: 3 givenname: Kathleen T. surname: Malinowski fullname: Malinowski, Kathleen T. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 4 givenname: David surname: Limbrick fullname: Limbrick, David organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 5 givenname: Sarah C. surname: Jost fullname: Jost, Sarah C. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 6 givenname: Joel R. surname: Garbow fullname: Garbow, Joel R. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 7 givenname: Joshua B. surname: Rubin fullname: Rubin, Joshua B. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 8 givenname: Joseph O. surname: Deasy fullname: Deasy, Joseph O. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 9 givenname: Divya surname: Khullar fullname: Khullar, Divya organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 10 givenname: Enrique W. surname: Izaguirre fullname: Izaguirre, Enrique W. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 11 givenname: Parag J. surname: Parikh fullname: Parikh, Parag J. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 12 givenname: Daniel A. surname: Low fullname: Low, Daniel A. organization: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 – sequence: 13 givenname: Andrew J. surname: Hope fullname: Hope, Andrew J. organization: Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18975718$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22095228$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Snippet | Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was... Purpose : To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods : A custom head immobilizer was... Purpose: To develop and validate methods for small‐animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods: A custom head immobilizer was... Purpose : To develop and validate methods for small‐animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. Materials and Methods : A custom head immobilizer was... To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system. A custom head immobilizer was designed and built to integrate with... To develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS radiotherapy using the microRT system.PURPOSETo develop and validate methods for small-animal CNS... |
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| SubjectTerms | ANIMALS biological effects of ionising particles BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS biomedical equipment BRAIN Brain Neoplasms - radiotherapy CAT SCANNING CNS Comparative animal models Computed tomography computerised tomography Conformal radiation treatment conformal radiotherapy dose response Dosimetry Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis EXTERNAL IRRADIATION Feasibility Studies HEAD IMAGE PROCESSING image registration INTERNAL IRRADIATION IRIDIUM 192 medical image processing Medical imaging Medical treatment planning Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Nude Miniaturization neurophysiology PLANNING POSITIONING RADIATION DOSES radiation therapy Radiation Therapy Physics Radiation treatment radioisotopes RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE RADIOTHERAPY Radiotherapy, Conformal - instrumentation Radiotherapy, Conformal - veterinary Registration SIDE EFFECTS small-animal SPATIAL DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS Therapeutic applications, including brachytherapy Tissues Treatment planning tumours |
| Title | Feasibility of small animal cranial irradiation with the microRT system |
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