Workplace Violence Against Nursing Students and Nurses: An Italian Experience
Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian un...
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| Published in | Journal of nursing scholarship Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 203 - 210 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.06.2011
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1527-6546 1547-5069 1547-5069 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x |
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| Abstract | Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.
Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action.
Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate).
Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39–5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15–5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends (“external” violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors (“internal” violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students.
Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient‐to‐worker and worker‐to‐worker violence in clinical settings.
Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings. Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. 33 references Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings. Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. Adapted from the source document. Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings. Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings. Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39–5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15–5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends (“external” violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors (“internal” violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient‐to‐worker and worker‐to‐worker violence in clinical settings. Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). Results: The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39–5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15–5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends (“external” violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors (“internal” violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. Conclusions: Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient‐to‐worker and worker‐to‐worker violence in clinical settings. Clinical Relevance: Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.BACKGROUNDNurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action.OBJECTIVESTo compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action.A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate).METHODSA retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate).The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students.RESULTSThe prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students.Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings.CONCLUSIONSPreventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings.Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention.CLINICAL RELEVANCENot only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention. |
| Author | Magnavita, Nicola Heponiemi, Tarja |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nicola surname: Magnavita fullname: Magnavita, Nicola organization: Confirmed Researcher, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Tarja surname: Heponiemi fullname: Heponiemi, Tarja organization: Researcher, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605325$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2011 Sigma Theta Tau International 2011 Sigma Theta Tau International. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Jun 2011 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2011 Sigma Theta Tau International – notice: 2011 Sigma Theta Tau International. – notice: Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Jun 2011 |
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| References | Ferns, T., & Meerebeau, L. (2008). Verbal abuse experienced by nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(4), 436-444. Nau, J., Halfens, R., Needham, I., & Dassen, T. (2001). Student nurses' de-escalation of patient aggression: A pretest-posttest intervention study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 699-708. Papalia, F., & Magnavita, N. (2003). Unknown occupational risk: Physical violence at the workplace. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 25(3 Suppl.), 176-177. Longo, J. (2007). Horizontal violence among nursing students. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 21(3), 177-178. Magnavita, N., & Bergamaschi, A. (2008a). Justice at the workplace. Validation of the Italian version of Colquitt's justice measurement questionnaire (JM20). Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 30(3 Suppl. 2), 449-450. Gacki-Smith, J., Juarez, A. M., Boyett, L., Homeyer, C., Robinson, L., & MacLean, S. L. (2009). Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39, 340-349. Magnavita N., Fileni A., Magnavita G., Mammi F., Mirk P., Roccia K., & Bergamaschi A. (2008). Work stress in radiologists. A pilot study. Radiologia Medica, 113(3), 329-346. Kuehn, B. M. (2010). Violence in health care settings on rise. Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(5), 511-512. Ferns, T. (2006). Under-reporting of violent incidents against nursing staff. Nursing Standard, 20(40), 41-45. Flannery, R. B. Jr., Hanson, M. A., & Penk, W. (1995). Patients' threats. Expanded definition of assault. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(6), 451-453. Needham, I., Abderhalden, C., Halfens, R. J., Dassen, T., Haug, H. J., & Fischer, J. E. (2005). The impact of Patient Aggression on Carers Scale: Instrument derivation and psychometric testing. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 19, 296-300. Hodgson, M. J., Reed, R., Craig, T., Murphy, F., Lehmann, L., Belton, L., & Warren, N. (2004). Violence in healthcare facilities: Lessons from the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 1158-1165. Curtis, J., Bowen, I., & Reid, A. (2007). You have no credibility: Nursing students' experiences of horizontal violence. Nurse Education in Practice, 7(3), 156-163. Celebioğlu, A., Akpinar, R.B., Küçükoğlu, S., & Engin, R. (2010). Violence experienced by Turkish nursing students in clinical settings: Their emotions and behaviors. Nurse Education Today, 30(7), 687-691. Magnavita, N. (2007). Two tools for health surveillance of job stress: The Karasek Job Content Questionnaire and the Siegrist Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 29(3), 667-670. Hegney, D., Tuckett, A., Parker, D., & Eley, R. (2010). Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross-sector analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16, 188-201. Gascón, S., Martínez-Jarreta, B., González-Andrade, J. F., Santed, M. A., Casalod, Y., & Rueda, M. A. (2009). Aggression towards health care workers in Spain: A multi-facility study to evaluate the distribution of growing violence among professionals, health facilities and departments. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 15(1), 29-35. Camerino, D., Estryn-Behar, M., Conway, P. M., Van Der Heijden, B. I., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2008). Work-related factors and violence among nursing staff in the European NEXT study: A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(1), 35-50. Arnetz, J. E., Arnetz, B. B., & Petterson, I. L. (1996). Violence in the nursing profession: Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses. Work & Stress, 10, 119-127. Celik, S. S., & Bayraktar, N. (2004). A study of nursing student abuse in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(7), 330-336. Thomas, S. P., & Burk, R. (2009). Junior nursing students' experiences of vertical violence during clinical rotations. Nursing Outlook, 57, 226-231. Gerberich, S. G., Church, T. R., McGovern, P. M., Hansen, H. E., Nachreiner, N. M., Geisser, M. S., ... Watt, G. D. (2004). An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: The Minnesota Nurses' Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61, 495-503. Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400. Goldberg, D. P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor , UK : NFER Publishing. Magnavita, N., & Bergamaschi, A. (2008b). Violence in health care workers. Prevalence and incidence rates. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 30(3 Suppl. 2), 165-166. Karasek, R., Choi, B., Ostergren P. O., Ferrario, M., & De Smet, P. (2007). Testing two methods to create comparable scales scores between the job-content questionnaire (JCQ) and JCQ-like questionnaires in the European JACE study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14, 189-201. Arnetz, J. E. (1998). The Violent Incident Form (VIF): A practical instrument for the registration of violent incidents in the health care workplace. Work & Stress, 12, 17-28. Grenade, G., & MacDonald, E. (1995). Risk of physical assault amongst student nurses. Occupational Medicine (London), 45, 256-258. Winstanley, S., & Whittington, R. (2004). Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: Variation among professions and departments. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 3-10. Magnavita, N. (2009). Experience of prevention activities in local health units. Assaults and musculoskeletal disorders. Medicina del Lavoro, 100(Suppl 1.), 24-28. Rippon, T. J. (2000). Aggression and violence in health care professions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(2), 452-460. Hutchinson, M., Vickers, M., Jackson, D., & Wilkes, L. (2006). Workplace bullying in nursing: Towards a more critical organisation perspective. Nursing Inquiry, 13, 118-126. 2004; 43 2004; 61 2010; 16 1995; 17 2006; 13 2010; 304 2004; 46 1998 2001; 47 1996; 10 2007; 14 2001; 86 1978 2007; 29 2009; 57 2005; 19 2006; 20 1995; 45 2008b; 30 2000; 31 2004; 13 2009; 100 2003; 25 2008; 45 2007; 7 2008; 113 2008; 61 2007; 21 1998; 12 2010; 30 2009; 15 2009; 39 2008a; 30 e_1_2_8_28_1 e_1_2_8_29_1 Magnavita N. (e_1_2_8_27_1) 2008; 30 Magnavita N. (e_1_2_8_26_1) 2008; 30 Magnavita N. (e_1_2_8_23_1) 1998 e_1_2_8_3_1 e_1_2_8_2_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 e_1_2_8_9_1 e_1_2_8_8_1 e_1_2_8_20_1 e_1_2_8_21_1 e_1_2_8_22_1 e_1_2_8_17_1 e_1_2_8_18_1 e_1_2_8_19_1 e_1_2_8_13_1 e_1_2_8_14_1 e_1_2_8_16_1 Papalia F. (e_1_2_8_31_1) 2003; 25 Magnavita N. (e_1_2_8_25_1) 2009; 100 Goldberg D. P. (e_1_2_8_15_1) 1978 e_1_2_8_32_1 e_1_2_8_10_1 e_1_2_8_11_1 Magnavita N. (e_1_2_8_24_1) 2007; 29 e_1_2_8_34_1 e_1_2_8_12_1 e_1_2_8_33_1 e_1_2_8_30_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Karasek, R., Choi, B., Ostergren P. O., Ferrario, M., & De Smet, P. (2007). Testing two methods to create comparable scales scores between the job-content questionnaire (JCQ) and JCQ-like questionnaires in the European JACE study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14, 189-201. – reference: Longo, J. (2007). Horizontal violence among nursing students. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 21(3), 177-178. – reference: Ferns, T. (2006). Under-reporting of violent incidents against nursing staff. Nursing Standard, 20(40), 41-45. – reference: Celik, S. S., & Bayraktar, N. (2004). A study of nursing student abuse in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(7), 330-336. – reference: Gascón, S., Martínez-Jarreta, B., González-Andrade, J. F., Santed, M. A., Casalod, Y., & Rueda, M. A. (2009). Aggression towards health care workers in Spain: A multi-facility study to evaluate the distribution of growing violence among professionals, health facilities and departments. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 15(1), 29-35. – reference: Goldberg, D. P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor , UK : NFER Publishing. – reference: Magnavita N., Fileni A., Magnavita G., Mammi F., Mirk P., Roccia K., & Bergamaschi A. (2008). Work stress in radiologists. A pilot study. Radiologia Medica, 113(3), 329-346. – reference: Kuehn, B. M. (2010). Violence in health care settings on rise. Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(5), 511-512. – reference: Ferns, T., & Meerebeau, L. (2008). Verbal abuse experienced by nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(4), 436-444. – reference: Arnetz, J. E. (1998). The Violent Incident Form (VIF): A practical instrument for the registration of violent incidents in the health care workplace. Work & Stress, 12, 17-28. – reference: Magnavita, N. (2009). Experience of prevention activities in local health units. Assaults and musculoskeletal disorders. Medicina del Lavoro, 100(Suppl 1.), 24-28. – reference: Magnavita, N., & Bergamaschi, A. (2008a). Justice at the workplace. Validation of the Italian version of Colquitt's justice measurement questionnaire (JM20). Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 30(3 Suppl. 2), 449-450. – reference: Thomas, S. P., & Burk, R. (2009). Junior nursing students' experiences of vertical violence during clinical rotations. Nursing Outlook, 57, 226-231. – reference: Arnetz, J. E., Arnetz, B. B., & Petterson, I. L. (1996). Violence in the nursing profession: Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses. Work & Stress, 10, 119-127. – reference: Nau, J., Halfens, R., Needham, I., & Dassen, T. (2001). Student nurses' de-escalation of patient aggression: A pretest-posttest intervention study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 699-708. – reference: Hegney, D., Tuckett, A., Parker, D., & Eley, R. (2010). Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross-sector analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16, 188-201. – reference: Hodgson, M. J., Reed, R., Craig, T., Murphy, F., Lehmann, L., Belton, L., & Warren, N. (2004). Violence in healthcare facilities: Lessons from the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46, 1158-1165. – reference: Camerino, D., Estryn-Behar, M., Conway, P. M., Van Der Heijden, B. I., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2008). Work-related factors and violence among nursing staff in the European NEXT study: A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(1), 35-50. – reference: Flannery, R. B. Jr., Hanson, M. A., & Penk, W. (1995). Patients' threats. Expanded definition of assault. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(6), 451-453. – reference: Celebioğlu, A., Akpinar, R.B., Küçükoğlu, S., & Engin, R. (2010). Violence experienced by Turkish nursing students in clinical settings: Their emotions and behaviors. Nurse Education Today, 30(7), 687-691. – reference: Gacki-Smith, J., Juarez, A. M., Boyett, L., Homeyer, C., Robinson, L., & MacLean, S. L. (2009). Violence against nurses working in US emergency departments. Journal of Nursing Administration, 39, 340-349. – reference: Gerberich, S. G., Church, T. R., McGovern, P. M., Hansen, H. E., Nachreiner, N. M., Geisser, M. S., ... Watt, G. D. (2004). An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: The Minnesota Nurses' Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61, 495-503. – reference: Rippon, T. J. (2000). Aggression and violence in health care professions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(2), 452-460. – reference: Grenade, G., & MacDonald, E. (1995). Risk of physical assault amongst student nurses. Occupational Medicine (London), 45, 256-258. – reference: Hutchinson, M., Vickers, M., Jackson, D., & Wilkes, L. (2006). Workplace bullying in nursing: Towards a more critical organisation perspective. Nursing Inquiry, 13, 118-126. – reference: Papalia, F., & Magnavita, N. (2003). Unknown occupational risk: Physical violence at the workplace. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 25(3 Suppl.), 176-177. – reference: Magnavita, N., & Bergamaschi, A. (2008b). Violence in health care workers. Prevalence and incidence rates. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 30(3 Suppl. 2), 165-166. – reference: Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400. – reference: Curtis, J., Bowen, I., & Reid, A. (2007). You have no credibility: Nursing students' experiences of horizontal violence. Nurse Education in Practice, 7(3), 156-163. – reference: Magnavita, N. (2007). Two tools for health surveillance of job stress: The Karasek Job Content Questionnaire and the Siegrist Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 29(3), 667-670. – reference: Needham, I., Abderhalden, C., Halfens, R. J., Dassen, T., Haug, H. J., & Fischer, J. E. (2005). The impact of Patient Aggression on Carers Scale: Instrument derivation and psychometric testing. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 19, 296-300. – reference: Winstanley, S., & Whittington, R. (2004). Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: Variation among professions and departments. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 3-10. – volume: 43 start-page: 330 issue: 7 year: 2004 end-page: 336 article-title: A study of nursing student abuse in Turkey publication-title: Journal of Nursing Education – volume: 113 start-page: 329 issue: 3 year: 2008 end-page: 346 article-title: Work stress in radiologists. A pilot study publication-title: Radiologia Medica – volume: 25 start-page: 176 issue: 3 Suppl. year: 2003 end-page: 177 article-title: Unknown occupational risk: Physical violence at the workplace publication-title: Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia – volume: 100 start-page: 24 issue: Suppl 1. year: 2009 end-page: 28 article-title: Experience of prevention activities in local health units. Assaults and musculoskeletal disorders publication-title: Medicina del Lavoro – volume: 10 start-page: 119 year: 1996 end-page: 127 article-title: Violence in the nursing profession: Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in Swedish nurses publication-title: Work & Stress – volume: 20 start-page: 41 issue: 40 year: 2006 end-page: 45 article-title: Under‐reporting of violent incidents against nursing staff publication-title: Nursing Standard – volume: 15 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 35 article-title: Aggression towards health care workers in Spain: A multi‐facility study to evaluate the distribution of growing violence among professionals, health facilities and departments publication-title: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health – volume: 13 start-page: 118 year: 2006 end-page: 126 article-title: Workplace bullying in nursing: Towards a more critical organisation perspective publication-title: Nursing Inquiry – volume: 45 start-page: 35 issue: 1 year: 2008 end-page: 50 article-title: Work‐related factors and violence among nursing staff in the European NEXT study: A longitudinal cohort study publication-title: International Journal of Nursing Studies – volume: 61 start-page: 495 year: 2004 end-page: 503 article-title: An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: The Minnesota Nurses’ Study publication-title: Occupational and Environmental Medicine – volume: 29 start-page: 667 issue: 3 year: 2007 end-page: 670 article-title: Two tools for health surveillance of job stress: The Karasek Job Content Questionnaire and the Siegrist Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire publication-title: Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia – volume: 30 start-page: 449 issue: 3 Suppl. 2 year: 2008a end-page: 450 article-title: Justice at the workplace. Validation of the Italian version of Colquitt's justice measurement questionnaire (JM20) publication-title: Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia – volume: 45 start-page: 256 year: 1995 end-page: 258 article-title: Risk of physical assault amongst student nurses publication-title: Occupational Medicine (London) – volume: 14 start-page: 189 year: 2007 end-page: 201 article-title: Testing two methods to create comparable scales scores between the job‐content questionnaire (JCQ) and JCQ‐like questionnaires in the European JACE study publication-title: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine – volume: 17 start-page: 451 issue: 6 year: 1995 end-page: 453 article-title: Patients’ threats. Expanded definition of assault publication-title: General Hospital Psychiatry – volume: 61 start-page: 436 issue: 4 year: 2008 end-page: 444 article-title: Verbal abuse experienced by nursing students publication-title: Journal of Advanced Nursing – volume: 30 start-page: 165 issue: 3 Suppl. 2 year: 2008b end-page: 166 article-title: Violence in health care workers. 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| Snippet | Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.
Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing... Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing... Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order... Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order... Background: Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. Objectives: To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing... Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.BACKGROUNDNurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence.To compare the... |
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| Title | Workplace Violence Against Nursing Students and Nurses: An Italian Experience |
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