Saccharomyces boulardii improves the behaviour and emotions of spastic cerebral palsy rats through the gut-brain axis pathway

• Published in: BMC neuroscience Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 76 - 16
• Main Authors: Tao, Deshuang, Zhong, Tangwu, Pang, Wei, li, Xiaojie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 07.12.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; Animal model; Animal models; Animals; Brain-Gut Axis - physiology; Care and treatment; Cerebral palsy; Cerebral Palsy - microbiology; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Digestive system; Emotions; Emotions - physiology; Gut microbiome; Gut-brain axis; Health aspects; Hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy; HPA axis; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - microbiology; Hypothalamus; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Intestinal microflora; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mental depression; Mental illness; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Paralysis; Pituitary; Pituitary-Adrenal System - microbiology; Probiotics; Probiotics - administration & dosage; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rRNA 16S; Saccharomyces boulardii; Saccharomyces boulardii - pathogenicity; Spasticity; Substantia alba; Tumor necrosis factor-α; China; Animal model; Saccharomyces boulardii; Hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy; Gut-brain axis; Depression-like behaviour; HPA axis; Immune regulation; Inflammation; Gut microbiome; probiotics
• DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00679-4
• ISSN: 1471-2202

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a kind of disability that influences motion, and children with CP also exhibit depression-like behaviour. Inflammation has been recognized as a contributor to CP and depression, and some studies suggest that the gut-brain axis may be a contributing factor. Our team observed that Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) could reduce the inflammatory level of rats with hyperbilirubinemia and improve abnormal behaviour. Both CP and depression are related to inflammation, and probiotics can improve depression by reducing inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesize that S. boulardii may improve the behaviour and emotions of spastic CP rats through the gut-brain axis pathway. Our new rat model was produced by resecting the cortex and subcortical white matter. Seventeen-day-old CP rats were exposed to S. boulardii or vehicle control by gastric gavage for 9 days, and different behavioural domains and general conditions were tested. Inflammation was assessed by measuring the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity was assessed by measuring adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in the serum. Changes in the gut microbiome were detected by 16S rRNA. The hemiplegic spastic CP rats we made with typical spastic paralysis exhibited depression-like behaviour. S. boulardii treatment of hemiplegic spastic CP rats improves behaviour and general conditions and significantly reduces the level of inflammation, decreases HPA axis activity, and increases gut microbiota diversity. The model developed in this study mimics a hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Damage to the cortex and subcortical white matter of 17-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats led to spastic CP-like behaviour, and the rats exhibited symptoms of depression-like behaviour. Our results indicate that S. boulardii might have potential in treating hemiplegic spastic CP rat models or as an add-on therapy via the gut-brain axis pathway.