Six-minute walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from a general population sample

The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large...

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Published inRespiratory research Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 83 - 9
Main Authors Cazzoletti, Lucia, Zanolin, Maria Elisabetta, Dorelli, Gianluigi, Ferrari, Pietro, Dalle Carbonare, Luca Giuseppe, Crisafulli, Ernesto, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Olivieri, Mario, Verlato, Giuseppe, Ferrari, Marcello
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 05.04.2022
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
6-min walking test
Adult
Age
Aged
Arthritis
Asthma
Blood pressure
Body Height
Child
Child, Preschool
Contraindications
Diabetes
Exercise
Exercise Test
Female
Females
Function status (activity levels)
General population
Health aspects
Healthy subjects
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Hypertension
Infant
Male
Males
Middle Aged
Neuromuscular diseases
Physical activity
Physical fitness
Physiological aspects
Population
Population studies
Questionnaires
Reference Standards
Reference Values
Regression analysis
Regression models
Respiratory diseases
Sleep apnea
Statistical analysis
Values
Variables
Walking
Italy
General population
Healthy subjects
Function status (activity levels)
6-min walking test
Reference values
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Abstract The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. In the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age , height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*height -0.99*weight  + 22.58*active-0.10*age  + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*height -0.45*weight -2.54*active-0.06*age -0.13*age*height -890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
AbstractList Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. Methods In the frame of the multi case–control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21–76 and 243 males ranging 21–78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. Results The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383–800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410–875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*heightcm−0.99*weightkg + 22.58*active−0.10*age2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*heightcm−0.45*weightkg−2.54*active−0.06*age2−0.13*age*heightcm−890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where “active” is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. Conclusion This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. In the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age , height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*height -0.99*weight  + 22.58*active-0.10*age  + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*height -0.45*weight -2.54*active-0.06*age -0.13*age*height -890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. Methods In the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age.sup.2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. Results The mean [+ or -] SD for 6MWD was 581.4 [+ or -] 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 [+ or -] 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*height.sub.cm-0.99*weight.sub.kg + 22.58*active-0.10*age.sup.2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*height.sub.cm-0.45*weight.sub.kg-2.54*active-0.06*age.sup.2-0.13*age*height.sub.cm-890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. Conclusion This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity. Keywords: Reference values, 6-min walking test, Function status (activity levels), General population, Healthy subjects
The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. In the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age.sup.2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. The mean [+ or -] SD for 6MWD was 581.4 [+ or -] 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 [+ or -] 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*height.sub.cm-0.99*weight.sub.kg + 22.58*active-0.10*age.sup.2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*height.sub.cm-0.45*weight.sub.kg-2.54*active-0.06*age.sup.2-0.13*age*height.sub.cm-890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
Abstract Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. Methods In the frame of the multi case–control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21–76 and 243 males ranging 21–78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. Results The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383–800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410–875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*heightcm−0.99*weightkg + 22.58*active−0.10*age2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*heightcm−0.45*weightkg−2.54*active−0.06*age2−0.13*age*heightcm−890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where “active” is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. Conclusion This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range.INTRODUCTIONThe 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range.In the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model.METHODSIn the frame of the multi case-control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21-76 and 243 males ranging 21-78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model.The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*heightcm-0.99*weightkg + 22.58*active-0.10*age2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*heightcm-0.45*weightkg-2.54*active-0.06*age2-0.13*age*heightcm-890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise.RESULTSThe mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383-800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410-875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*heightcm-0.99*weightkg + 22.58*active-0.10*age2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*heightcm-0.45*weightkg-2.54*active-0.06*age2-0.13*age*heightcm-890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where "active" is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise.This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.CONCLUSIONThis study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
ArticleNumber 83
Audience Academic
Author Ferrari, Pietro
Zanolin, Maria Elisabetta
Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa
Olivieri, Mario
Dorelli, Gianluigi
Crisafulli, Ernesto
Ferrari, Marcello
Verlato, Giuseppe
Dalle Carbonare, Luca Giuseppe
Cazzoletti, Lucia
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Issue 1
Keywords General population
Healthy subjects
Function status (activity levels)
6-min walking test
Reference values
Language English
License 2022. The Author(s).
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Snippet The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly...
Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have...
Abstract Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations...
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SubjectTerms 6-min walking test
Adult
Age
Aged
Arthritis
Asthma
Blood pressure
Body Height
Child
Child, Preschool
Contraindications
Diabetes
Exercise
Exercise Test
Female
Females
Function status (activity levels)
General population
Health aspects
Healthy subjects
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Hypertension
Infant
Male
Males
Middle Aged
Neuromuscular diseases
Physical activity
Physical fitness
Physiological aspects
Population
Population studies
Questionnaires
Reference Standards
Reference Values
Regression analysis
Regression models
Respiratory diseases
Sleep apnea
Statistical analysis
Values
Variables
Walking
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Title Six-minute walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from a general population sample
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