Revegetation of peat excavations in a derelict raised bog
Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2) has been related to a number of environmental...
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| Published in | The New phytologist Vol. 111; no. 4; pp. 733 - 748 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Cambridge University Press
01.04.1989
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum) have not survived the peat-cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor-fen (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay-lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re-flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum-Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One cutting, dominated by Juncus effusus, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, NH4
+, SO4
2-and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum-dominated cutting. The J. effusus samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the floristic data; concentrations of NH4
+, Na+and SO4
2-in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effusus cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water-table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna-Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium-Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor-fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species-rich than nodum 3 samples. Species-richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2 ) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat-cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor-ten (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay-lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re-flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum-Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca2+ , Na+ , K+ NH4 + , SO4 2 and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum-dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH4 + , Na+ and SO4 2 in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water-table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor-fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species-rich than nodum 3 samples. Species-richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently.Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2 ) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat-cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor-ten (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay-lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re-flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum-Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca2+ , Na+ , K+ NH4 + , SO4 2 and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum-dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH4 + , Na+ and SO4 2 in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water-table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor-fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species-rich than nodum 3 samples. Species-richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m ) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat-cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor-ten (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay-lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re-flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum-Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca , Na , K NH , SO and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum-dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH , Na and SO in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water-table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor-fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species-rich than nodum 3 samples. Species-richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re‐flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m 2 ) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat‐cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor‐ten (e.g. Carex curta ) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia ); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay‐lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re‐flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 ( Eriophorum–Sphagnum ) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses , had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca 2+ , Na + , K + NH 4 + , SO 4 2 and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum‐dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH 4 + , Na + and SO 4 2 in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water‐table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 ( Calluna Sphagnum recurvum ) and particularly 1 ( Pteridium Campylopus ) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor‐fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species‐rich than nodum 3 samples. Species‐richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re‐flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m²) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat‐cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor‐ten (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay‐lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re‐flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum–Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ NH₄⁺, SO₄² and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum‐dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH₄⁺, Na⁺ and SO₄² in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water‐table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor‐fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species‐rich than nodum 3 samples. Species‐richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum) have not survived the peat-cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor-fen (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay-lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re-flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum-Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One cutting, dominated by Juncus effusus, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, NH4 +, SO4 2-and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum-dominated cutting. The J. effusus samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the floristic data; concentrations of NH4 +, Na+and SO4 2-in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effusus cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water-table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna-Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium-Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor-fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species-rich than nodum 3 samples. Species-richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. summary Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re‐flooded, revegetated peat cuttings. The composition of the vegetation of some of these cuttings (96 sampled quadrats, each of 25 m2) has been related to a number of environmental variables. Revegetation sequences in the abandoned cuttings (all less than 60 years old and with less than 20 cm peat infill) were established by stratigraphical analyses. In some cuttings a basal layer of ericaceous peat apparently marks temporarily drier conditions preceding deeper inundation. Some former mire species (e.g. Sphagnum imbricatum have not survived the peat‐cutting period even on uncut surfaces (baulks) but these have been much drained and burnt. The revegetated cuttings contained species typical of poor‐ten (e.g. Carex curta) as well as of ombrotrophic mires (e.g. Andromeda polifolia); chemical analyses indicated weakly minerotrophic peat water. This may favour such species as Sphagnum recurvum. There was no indication of chemical enrichment from inflow from surrounding farmland, from underlying mineral ground or from the clay‐lined canals excavated across the bog. Release of cations following drainage and re‐flooding may provide some explanation. Only soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in peat water samples showed consistent and significant seasonal variation, with the lowest values in summer. There were also only a few consistent differences in water chemistry amongst most of the vegetation units identified by TWINSPAN. Nodum 4 (Eriophorum–Sphagnum) stands (richest in ombrotrophic species) occupied the least minerotrophic conditions. One culling, dominated by Juncus, effuses, had no ombrotrophic species (nodum 6). Water concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+ NH4+, SO42 and SRP were significantly larger here than in other cuttings and peat fertility (estimated phytometrically) and K, N and P concentrations in peat extracts were significantly greater than in a Sphagnum‐dominated cutting. The J. effuses samples had strong negative loadings on axis 2 of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of the Adriatic data; concentrations of NH4+, Na+ and SO42 in the water showed significant negative correlation with axis 2 ordination scores. Seasonal fluctuation of water level was similar in most cuttings (the J. effuses cutting was exceptional) but variation in depth relative to the peat surface (caused by excavation to different depths) was related to floristic variation. PCA axis 1 may reflect a water‐table gradient with TWINSPAN noda 2 (Calluna Sphagnum recurvum) and particularly 1 (Pteridium Campylopus) occupying drier conditions than the others. The wetter cuttings (except the J. effusus site) supported most ombrotrophic and poor‐fen species. They were not readily segregated into discrete vegetation types and the two TWINSPAN classes (noda 3 and 4) that accommodated them showed much overlap on the PCA ordination. Nodum 4 samples tended to have higher loadings on PCA axis 2 and to be more species‐rich than nodum 3 samples. Species‐richness was strongly positively correlated with PCA axis 2. This may reflect, in part, stand maturity, vegetation with most species having been disturbed least recently. |
| Author | Willis, A.J Wheeler, B.D Smart, P.J |
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| Keywords | Peat vegetation hydrology vegetation composition water chemistry peat stratigraphy raised bog |
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| References_xml | – year: 1983 – volume: 52 start-page: 345 year: 1964 end-page: 353 article-title: Studies on southern Pennine peats. III. The behaviour of Sphagnum publication-title: Journal of Ecology – year: 1964 – year: 1939 – start-page: 77 year: 1979 – year: 1962 – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 1974 end-page: 38 article-title: The vegetation of the Malham Tarn fens publication-title: Field Studies – volume: 96 start-page: 270 year: 1976 end-page: 280 article-title: Chemical inputs by a colony of Franklin's gulls nesting in cattails publication-title: American Midland Naturalist – volume: 61 start-page: 601 year: 1973 end-page: 615 article-title: Biological Flora of the British Isles: L publication-title: Journal of Ecology – year: 1987 – volume: 81 start-page: 283 year: 1984 end-page: 289 article-title: Phytometric estimation of fertility of waterlogged rich‐fen peats using L publication-title: Plant and Sail – volume: vol. 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The present vegetation and some physical, chemical and historical factors controlling its nature and distribution publication-title: Journal of Ecology – volume: 231 start-page: 363 year: 1971 end-page: 365 article-title: Vegetation and development of Llyn, a Welsh mire publication-title: Nature, London – volume: 43 start-page: 595 year: 1955 end-page: 605 article-title: L. II. The interaction effects of moisture and competition publication-title: Journal of Ecology – volume: 69 start-page: 693 year: 1988 end-page: 702 article-title: Productivity and nutrient cycling of Alaskan Tundra: enhancement by flowing soil water publication-title: Ecology – volume: 63 start-page: 903 year: 1975 end-page: 912 article-title: Monthly determinations of the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the rain and in pools on the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve publication-title: Journal of Ecology – year: 1978 – volume: 25 start-page: 161 year: 1975 end-page: 166 article-title: Investigation of some redox processes in peat and their influence on run‐off water publication-title: Acta agriculturae scandinavica – volume: 29 start-page: 65 year: 1915 end-page: 87 article-title: The acidity of , and its relation to chalk and mineral salts publication-title: Annals of Botany, London – start-page: C335 year: 1955 – volume: 70 start-page: 549 year: 1982 end-page: 558 article-title: Stratigraphy of a site in the Munsary Dubh Lochs, Caithness, Northern Scotland: development of the present pattern publication-title: Journal of Ecology – volume: 32 start-page: 61 year: 1981 end-page: 66 article-title: Vegetation succession of an old, drained peatland area in eastern Finland publication-title: Silo – ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2 – ident: e_1_2_1_38_1 – volume-title: Census Catalogue of British Hepatics year: 1965 ident: e_1_2_1_31_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_39_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00672.x – start-page: 77 volume-title: Palaeohydrological Changes in the Temperate Zone in the last 15000 years year: 1979 ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_48_1 doi: 10.2307/2259047 – ident: e_1_2_1_36_1 doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a089538 – volume-title: Thorne Moors Birds and Man year: 1986 ident: e_1_2_1_25_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_45_1 doi: 10.34194/raekke4.v3.6989 – volume: 36 start-page: 1 issue: 12 year: 1981 ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 article-title: Hydrochemistry in low pH‐soils of south Norway. 2. Seasonal variations in some peatland sites publication-title: Meddelelser fra Norsk Institutt for Skogsforskning – ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 doi: 10.2307/2258654 – ident: e_1_2_1_26_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_20_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_11_1 doi: 10.1016/0143-1471(80)90033-1 – start-page: 6 volume-title: Thorne Moors Papers year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_1_13_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_30_1 doi: 10.1080/00015127509436246 – volume-title: Thorne Moors Papers year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_1_24_1 – start-page: 219 volume-title: Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, Otaniemi, Finland, 1972 year: 1972 ident: e_1_2_1_35_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_42_1 doi: 10.2307/2257601 – ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 doi: 10.2307/1941017 – ident: e_1_2_1_18_1 doi: 10.2307/2258077 – volume-title: Methods for Physical and Chemical Analysis of Freshwaters year: 1978 ident: e_1_2_1_16_1 – volume: 32 start-page: 61 year: 1981 ident: e_1_2_1_22_1 article-title: Vegetation succession of an old, drained peatland area in eastern Finland publication-title: Silo – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 1974 ident: e_1_2_1_33_1 article-title: The vegetation of the Malham Tarn fens publication-title: Field Studies – volume-title: A Nature Conservation Restless year: 1977 ident: e_1_2_1_34_1 – volume-title: The British Islands and their Vegetation year: 1939 ident: e_1_2_1_44_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_47_1 doi: 10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 – ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 doi: 10.2134/agronmonogr9.1 – volume-title: The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland year: 1978 ident: e_1_2_1_40_1 – volume-title: Flora of the British Isles year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 – volume-title: Nature Conservation in Great Britain year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_29_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_41_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_28_1 doi: 10.1038/231363a0 – ident: e_1_2_1_15_1 doi: 10.2307/2260577 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 doi: 10.2307/2258610 – ident: e_1_2_1_21_1 doi: 10.2307/2258420 – ident: e_1_2_1_43_1 doi: 10.2307/2259044 – ident: e_1_2_1_27_1 doi: 10.2307/2424068 – ident: e_1_2_1_37_1 doi: 10.2307/2259922 – ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02197161 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_1 doi: 10.1016/0013-9327(78)90129-5 – volume-title: Atlas of the British Flora year: 1962 ident: e_1_2_1_32_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_46_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00052021 – ident: e_1_2_1_19_1 doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-1094-7 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_1 doi: 10.2307/2258066 – ident: e_1_2_1_23_1 doi: 10.2307/2257013 |
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| Snippet | Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re-flooded, revegetated peat cuttings.... summary Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re‐flooded, revegetated peat... Thorne Waste, S. Yorkshire, is a large raised bog, subject to extensive commercial peat extraction, which retains some re‐flooded, revegetated peat cuttings.... |
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| SubjectTerms | agricultural land Andromeda polifolia Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Bogs calcium Calluna Campylopus Carex Chemicals Demecology drainage England environmental factors Excavations Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology hydrochemistry hydrology land restoration Ordination Peat Peat cutting peat soils peat stratigraphy Peat vegetation Plants Plants and fungi Principal components analysis Pteridium raised bog reactive phosphorus Revegetation seasonal variation Sphagnum summer Vegetation vegetation composition vegetation sampling wastes water chemistry water table |
| Title | Revegetation of peat excavations in a derelict raised bog |
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