Active surveillance and genetic evolution of avian influenza viruses in Egypt, 2016-2018

• Published in: Emerging microbes & infections Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 1370 - 1382
• Main Authors: Kandeil, Ahmed, Hicks, Joseph T., Young, Sean G., El Taweel, Ahmed N., Kayed, Ahmed S., Moatasim, Yassmin, Kutkat, Omnia, Bagato, Ola, McKenzie, Pamela P., Cai, Zhipeng, Badra, Rebecca, Kutkat, Mohamed, Bahl, Justin, Webby, Richard J., Kayali, Ghazi, Ali, Mohamed A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 01.01.2019; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: Animals; Avian flu; Avian influenza; Chickens; Coinfection - epidemiology; Coinfection - veterinary; Coinfection - virology; Ducks; Egypt; Egypt - epidemiology; Epidemiological Monitoring - veterinary; Evolution & development; Evolution, Molecular; genetic evolution; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - isolation & purification; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - isolation & purification; Influenza in Birds - epidemiology; Influenza in Birds - transmission; poultry; Poultry Diseases - epidemiology; Poultry Diseases - virology; Reassortant Viruses; Sequence Homology; surveillance; Viral Proteins - genetics; Viruses; Egypt; Avian influenza; poultry; surveillance; genetic evolution; Egypt

Egypt is a hotspot for avian influenza virus (AIV) due to the endemicity of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. AIVs were isolated from 329 samples collected in 2016-2018; 48% were H9N2, 37.1% were H5N8, 7.6% were H5N1, and 7.3% were co-infections with 2 of the 3 subtypes. The 32 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of...