Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia

, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms - associated with massive fish mortalities - that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 10; p. 306
Main Authors Thoha, Hikmah, Muawanah, Bayu Intan, Mariana D, Rachman, Arief, Sianturi, Oksto Ridho, Sidabutar, Tumpak, Iwataki, Mitsunori, Takahashi, Kazuya, Avarre, Jean-Christophe, Masseret, Estelle
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media 21.02.2019
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Biodiversity and Ecology
dinoflagellate
Earth Sciences
Environmental Sciences
harmful algal blooms
Indonesia
Life Sciences
Margalefidinium polykrikoides
Microbiology
Microbiology and Parasitology
Oceanography
resting and hyaline cysts
Sciences of the Universe
resting and hyaline cysts
Margalefidinium polykrikoides
dinoflagellate
harmful algal blooms
Indonesia
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Abstract , an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms - associated with massive fish mortalities - that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative -like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as , were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.
AbstractList Margalefidinium polykrikoides , an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish mortalities – that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative M. polykrikoides -like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as M. polykrikoides , were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g -1 dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while M. polykrikoides motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species M. polykrikoides is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.
Margalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish mortalities – that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative M. polykrikoides-like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as M. polykrikoides, were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g-1 dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while M. polykrikoides motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species M. polykrikoides is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.
, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms - associated with massive fish mortalities - that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative -like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as , were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.
Author Takahashi, Kazuya
Sidabutar, Tumpak
Avarre, Jean-Christophe
Muawanah
Masseret, Estelle
Sianturi, Oksto Ridho
Rachman, Arief
Thoha, Hikmah
Iwataki, Mitsunori
Bayu Intan, Mariana D
AuthorAffiliation 1 Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences , Jakarta , Indonesia
5 MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS , Montpellier , France
2 Main Center for Marine Aquaculture of Lampung, Directorate General of Aquaculture , Lampung , Indonesia
4 ISEM, IRD, CNRS, EPHE, University of Montpellier , Montpellier , France
3 Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Main Center for Marine Aquaculture of Lampung, Directorate General of Aquaculture , Lampung , Indonesia
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– name: 3 Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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– name: 1 Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences , Jakarta , Indonesia
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  organization: MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Copyright © 2019 Thoha, Muawanah, Bayu Intan, Rachman, Sianturi, Sidabutar, Iwataki, Takahashi, Avarre and Masseret. 2019 Thoha, Muawanah, Bayu Intan, Rachman, Sianturi, Sidabutar, Iwataki, Takahashi, Avarre and Masseret
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Keywords resting and hyaline cysts
Margalefidinium polykrikoides
dinoflagellate
harmful algal blooms
Indonesia
Language English
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PMCID: PMC6393338
Edited by: Ramiro Logares, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spain
This article was submitted to Aquatic Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Reviewed by: Nataliia Annenkova, Limnological Institute (RAS), Russia; Albert Reñé, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spain; Isabel Bravo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Spain
These authors have contributed equally to this work
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Snippet , an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms - associated with massive fish mortalities - that have...
Margalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish...
Margalefidinium polykrikoides , an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish...
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StartPage 306
SubjectTerms Biodiversity and Ecology
dinoflagellate
Earth Sciences
Environmental Sciences
harmful algal blooms
Indonesia
Life Sciences
Margalefidinium polykrikoides
Microbiology
Microbiology and Parasitology
Oceanography
resting and hyaline cysts
Sciences of the Universe
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Title Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia
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