Low intensity blood parasite infections do not reduce the aerobic performance of migratory birds
Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected indi...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Vol. 285; no. 1871; p. 20172307 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
The Royal Society
31.01.2018
The Royal Society Publishing |
| Edition | Royal Society (Great Britain) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) experimentally treated with Plasmodium relictum pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered. |
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| AbstractList | Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers (
Acrocephalus arundinaceus
) experimentally treated with
Plasmodium relictum
pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered. Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) experimentally treated with Plasmodium relictum pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered.Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) experimentally treated with Plasmodium relictum pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered. Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) experimentally treated with Plasmodium relictum pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered. Blood parasites (Haemosporidia) are thought to impair the flight performance of infected animals, and therefore, infected birds are expected to differ from their non-infected counterparts in migratory capacity. Since haemosporidians invade host erythrocytes, it is commonly assumed that infected individuals will have compromised aerobic capacity, but this has not been examined in free-living birds. We tested if haemosporidian infections affect aerobic performance by examining metabolic rates and exercise endurance in migratory great reed warblers ( ) experimentally treated with pGRW04 and in naturally infected wild birds over consecutive life-history stages. We found no effect of acute or chronic infections on resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate or exercise endurance in either experimentally treated or free-living birds. Oxygen consumption rates during rest and while undergoing maximum exercise as well as exercise endurance increased from breeding to migration stages in both infected and non-infected birds. Importantly, phenotypic changes associated with preparation for migration were similarly unaffected by parasitaemia. Consequently, migratory birds experiencing parasitaemia levels typical of chronic infection do not differ in migratory capacity from their uninfected counterparts. Thus, if infected hosts differ from uninfected conspecifics in migration phenology, other mechanisms besides aerobic capacity should be considered. |
| Author | Bauer, Silke Zehtindjiev, Pavel Emmenegger, Tamara Hahn, Steffen Dimitrov, Dimitar Buttemer, William A. Ivanova, Karina |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute , Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach , Switzerland 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 , Australia |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 , Australia – name: 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria – name: 1 Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute , Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach , Switzerland |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Steffen orcidid: 0000-0002-4924-495X surname: Hahn fullname: Hahn, Steffen email: steffen.hahn@vogelwarte.ch organization: Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Silke orcidid: 0000-0002-0844-164X surname: Bauer fullname: Bauer, Silke organization: Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Dimitar surname: Dimitrov fullname: Dimitrov, Dimitar organization: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria – sequence: 4 givenname: Tamara orcidid: 0000-0002-2839-6129 surname: Emmenegger fullname: Emmenegger, Tamara organization: Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: Karina surname: Ivanova fullname: Ivanova, Karina organization: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria – sequence: 6 givenname: Pavel surname: Zehtindjiev fullname: Zehtindjiev, Pavel organization: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria – sequence: 7 givenname: William A. orcidid: 0000-0003-3176-4452 surname: Buttemer fullname: Buttemer, William A. organization: School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01742.x 10.18637/jss.v067.i01 10.11646/zootaxa.1626.1.3 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05281.x 10.1017/CBO9780511801686 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04782.x 10.1126/science.7112113 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.12.018 10.1086/684612 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0505 10.1017/S0031182012000510 10.1098/rspb.2000.1181 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0731:EOMOAB]2.0.CO;2 10.1093/czoolo/56.6.741 10.1371/journal.pone.0061236 10.1645/13-488.1 10.1242/jeb.182.1.41 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06431.x 10.1111/jav.00929 10.2478/s11686-010-0029-z 10.1371/journal.pone.0159216 10.1242/jeb.202.17.2269 10.1006/scel.1993.1042 10.1139/z11-084 10.1086/422768 10.2307/3282431 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.047 10.1007/s00436-006-0202-3 10.1242/jeb.108704 10.1645/GE-184R1 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.025 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03708.x 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10357 10.1007/s00436-009-1349-5 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.10.007 |
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| Keywords | migration avian malaria metabolic rate pathogen disease oxygen consumption |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerobic capacity Animal breeding Animal Migration Animals Avian Malaria Bird migration Birds Blood parasites Bulgaria - epidemiology Chronic infection Conspecifics Disease Ecology Erythrocytes Exercise Female Host-Parasite Interactions Infections Life history Malaria, Avian - epidemiology Malaria, Avian - parasitology Malaria, Avian - physiopathology Male Metabolic Rate Metabolism Migration Migratory birds Oxygen Consumption Parasitemia - epidemiology Parasitemia - parasitology Parasitemia - physiopathology Parasites Pathogen Physical fitness Plasmodium - physiology Prevalence Random Allocation Songbirds |
| Title | Low intensity blood parasite infections do not reduce the aerobic performance of migratory birds |
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