A Role for the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier as a Repressor of the Warburg Effect and Colon Cancer Cell Growth

Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2...

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Published inMolecular cell Vol. 56; no. 3; pp. 400 - 413
Main Authors Schell, John C., Olson, Kristofor A., Jiang, Lei, Hawkins, Amy J., Van Vranken, Jonathan G., Xie, Jianxin, Egnatchik, Robert A., Earl, Espen G., DeBerardinis, Ralph J., Rutter, Jared
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 06.11.2014
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Abstract Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells. [Display omitted] •MPC1 downregulation/deletion in many cancers correlates with poor survival•The MPC complex is a node by which cancer cells regulate pyruvate metabolism•Re-expressing MPC1+2 in colon cancer cells reduces growth in 3D and xenografts•The deleterious effects of MPC re-expression manifest in the stem cell compartment Cancer cells enforce the metabolic perturbation known as the Warburg effect by reducing pyruvate utilization via loss of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Re-expression of the MPC restores mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and limits colon cancer cell growth in anchorage-independent culture and xenografts due to defects in the proliferating cell population.
AbstractList Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells.
Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells.Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells.
Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells.
Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the pyruvate generated from glycolysis. We show herein that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), composed of the products of the MPC1 and MPC2 genes, modulates fractional pyruvate oxidation. MPC1 is deleted or underexpressed in multiple cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Cancer cells re-expressing MPC1 and MPC2 display increased mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, with no changes in cell growth in adherent culture. MPC re-expression exerted profound effects in anchorage-independent growth conditions, however, including impaired colony formation in soft agar, spheroid formation, and xenograft growth. We also observed a decrease in markers of stemness and traced the growth effects of MPC expression to the stem cell compartment. We propose that reduced MPC activity is an important aspect of cancer metabolism, perhaps through altering the maintenance and fate of stem cells. [Display omitted] •MPC1 downregulation/deletion in many cancers correlates with poor survival•The MPC complex is a node by which cancer cells regulate pyruvate metabolism•Re-expressing MPC1+2 in colon cancer cells reduces growth in 3D and xenografts•The deleterious effects of MPC re-expression manifest in the stem cell compartment Cancer cells enforce the metabolic perturbation known as the Warburg effect by reducing pyruvate utilization via loss of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Re-expression of the MPC restores mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and limits colon cancer cell growth in anchorage-independent culture and xenografts due to defects in the proliferating cell population.
Author Schell, John C.
Rutter, Jared
Egnatchik, Robert A.
Earl, Espen G.
Olson, Kristofor A.
Van Vranken, Jonathan G.
DeBerardinis, Ralph J.
Jiang, Lei
Hawkins, Amy J.
Xie, Jianxin
AuthorAffiliation 2 Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas TX 75390-8502, USA
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
3 Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
– name: 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– name: 2 Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas TX 75390-8502, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: John C.
  surname: Schell
  fullname: Schell, John C.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Kristofor A.
  surname: Olson
  fullname: Olson, Kristofor A.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lei
  surname: Jiang
  fullname: Jiang, Lei
  organization: Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Amy J.
  surname: Hawkins
  fullname: Hawkins, Amy J.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Jonathan G.
  surname: Van Vranken
  fullname: Van Vranken, Jonathan G.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jianxin
  surname: Xie
  fullname: Xie, Jianxin
  organization: Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
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  givenname: Robert A.
  surname: Egnatchik
  fullname: Egnatchik, Robert A.
  organization: Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA
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  givenname: Espen G.
  surname: Earl
  fullname: Earl, Espen G.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Ralph J.
  surname: DeBerardinis
  fullname: DeBerardinis, Ralph J.
  organization: Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Jared
  surname: Rutter
  fullname: Rutter, Jared
  email: rutter@biochem.utah.edu
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5650, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25458841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Cancer cells are typically subject to profound metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect wherein cancer cells oxidize a decreased fraction of the...
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SubjectTerms agar
Animals
Anion Transport Proteins - metabolism
cell growth
Cell Proliferation
Colonic Neoplasms
colorectal neoplasms
genes
Glycolysis
HEK293 Cells
HT29 Cells
Humans
Mice, Nude
mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism
Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
neoplasm cells
Neoplasm Transplantation
oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
prognosis
pyruvic acid
stem cells
Title A Role for the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier as a Repressor of the Warburg Effect and Colon Cancer Cell Growth
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.026
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25458841
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1639486455
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000213749
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4268416
Volume 56
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