Repeatability and reproducibility of Keratograph 5M corneal topography
Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the...
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| Published in | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 13; p. e19478 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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22.05.2025
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| ISSN | 2167-8359 2167-8359 2376-5992 |
| DOI | 10.7717/peerj.19478 |
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| Abstract | Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects.
Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil).
No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (
≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696).
The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. |
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| AbstractList | Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects. Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil). No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P [greater than or equal to] 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV [less than or equal to] 0.36% and ICC [greater than or equal to] 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV [greater than or equal to] 2.03% and ICC [less than or equal to] 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696). The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects. Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil). No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session ( ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696). The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. BackgroundCorneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects. MethodsThree consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil). ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696). ConclusionsThe Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. Background Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects. Methods Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil). Results No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P [greater than or equal to] 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV [less than or equal to] 0.36% and ICC [greater than or equal to] 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV [greater than or equal to] 2.03% and ICC [less than or equal to] 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696). Conclusions The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. Background Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects. Methods Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil). Results No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696). Conclusions The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects.BackgroundCorneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects.Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil).MethodsThree consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil).No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (P ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696).The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice.ConclusionsThe Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice. |
| ArticleNumber | e19478 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ortiz-Toquero, Sara Martin, Raul Sanchez, Irene |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sara surname: Ortiz-Toquero fullname: Ortiz-Toquero, Sara organization: Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain, Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Irene surname: Sanchez fullname: Sanchez, Irene organization: Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain, Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Raul surname: Martin fullname: Martin, Raul organization: Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain, Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40416614$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Corneal aberration Test-retest Corneal eccentricity Intersession reproducibility Contact lens Corneal curvature Intrasession repeatability Corneal topography Keratograph 5M Placido disc |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido... Background Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice.... BackgroundCorneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aberration Accuracy Adult Agreements Astigmatism Automation Clinical medicine Coefficient of variation Cornea Cornea - anatomy & histology Corneal topography Corneal Topography - instrumentation Corneal Topography - methods Correlation coefficients Curvature Diameters Eccentricity Eye surgery Female Healthy Volunteers Humans Intersession reproducibility Intrasession repeatability Keratograph 5M Male Mathematical analysis Middle Aged Ophthalmology Patient compliance Placido disc Radiology and Medical Imaging Reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Standard deviation Statistical analysis Test-retest Tomography Topography Variance analysis Young Adult |
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| Title | Repeatability and reproducibility of Keratograph 5M corneal topography |
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