Left ventricular flow dynamics by cardiac imaging techniques in heart failure patients: state of the art

Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhan...

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Published inCardiovascular ultrasound Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 13 - 22
Main Authors Mele, Donato, Serio, Lorenzo, Beccari, Riccardo, Cecchetto, Antonella, Nistri, Stefano, Pedrizzetti, Gianni
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 19.05.2025
BMC
Subjects
Angiology
Biomarkers
Blood Flow Velocity - physiology
Cardiac function
Cardiac vortex
Cardiology
Congestive heart failure
Contrast agents
Echocardiography
Echocardiography - methods
Energy
Energy transfer
Heart failure
Heart Failure - diagnosis
Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging
Heart Failure - physiopathology
Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging
Heart Ventricles - physiopathology
Hemodynamic forces
Hemodynamics
Humans
Imaging
Imaging techniques
Intracardiac flow dynamics
Kinetic energy
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Particle image velocimetry
Physiology
Radiology
Review
Shear stress
Thrombosis
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
Ventricle
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology
Ventricular Function, Left - physiology
Vortices
Vorticity
Heart failure
Intracardiac flow dynamics
Hemodynamic forces
Cardiac vortex
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1476-7120
1476-7120
DOI10.1186/s12947-025-00347-1

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Abstract Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome. Methods The analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity. Results In normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices. Conclusions Currently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications. Graphical abstract HDFs: hemodynamic forces. KE: kinetic energy. LA: left atrium. LV: left ventricle. LV-EF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract.
AbstractList Abstract Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome. Methods The analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity. Results In normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices. Conclusions Currently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications. Graphical abstract HDFs: hemodynamic forces. KE: kinetic energy. LA: left atrium. LV: left ventricle. LV-EF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract.
The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome. The analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity. In normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices. Currently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications.
BackgroundThe evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome.MethodsThe analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity.ResultsIn normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices.ConclusionsCurrently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications.
Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome. Methods The analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity. Results In normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices. Conclusions Currently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications. Graphical abstract HDFs: hemodynamic forces. KE: kinetic energy. LA: left atrium. LV: left ventricle. LV-EF: left ventricular ejection fraction. LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract.
The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome.BACKGROUNDThe evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been applied to patients with heart failure (HF), providing valuable insights that are discussed in this review, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of LV function in the context of the HF syndrome.The analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity.METHODSThe analysis of LV flow dynamics is typically conducted using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, primarily including particle image velocimetry echocardiography, Vector Flow Imaging, HyperDoppler, and four-dimensional flow MRI. A variety of parameters can be obtained that describe the geometry of the LV vortex, vorticity, kinetic energy, energy dispersion, as well as the amplitude and direction of the hemodynamic forces within the LV cavity.In normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices.RESULTSIn normal subjects, vortex formation plays a crucial role in optimizing LV filling, diastolic-systolic coupling, and energy transfer during systolic ejection. In patients with HF, alterations in vortex structure and dynamics have been associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, demonstrating the potential to diagnose early LV dysfunction. Furthermore, these alterations have been linked to LV remodeling and thrombus formation. Several studies have also explored intracardiac flow metrics as biomarkers for guiding HF treatments, including pharmacological interventions, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and LV assist devices.Currently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications.CONCLUSIONSCurrently available data suggest that the evaluation of LV flow dynamics can have diagnostic and prognostic utility in HF. However, large-scale, multicenter, and prospective studies are needed, particularly to validate therapeutic implications.
ArticleNumber 13
Author Cecchetto, Antonella
Nistri, Stefano
Beccari, Riccardo
Serio, Lorenzo
Pedrizzetti, Gianni
Mele, Donato
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  givenname: Lorenzo
  surname: Serio
  fullname: Serio, Lorenzo
  organization: Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova
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  surname: Pedrizzetti
  fullname: Pedrizzetti, Gianni
  organization: Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste
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Keywords Heart failure
Intracardiac flow dynamics
Hemodynamic forces
Cardiac vortex
Language English
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This...
The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This approach has been...
BackgroundThe evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics. This...
Abstract Background The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics is a novel approach to assessing LV function that goes beyond traditional metrics....
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StartPage 13
SubjectTerms Angiology
Biomarkers
Blood Flow Velocity - physiology
Cardiac function
Cardiac vortex
Cardiology
Congestive heart failure
Contrast agents
Echocardiography
Echocardiography - methods
Energy
Energy transfer
Heart failure
Heart Failure - diagnosis
Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging
Heart Failure - physiopathology
Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging
Heart Ventricles - physiopathology
Hemodynamic forces
Hemodynamics
Humans
Imaging
Imaging techniques
Intracardiac flow dynamics
Kinetic energy
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Particle image velocimetry
Physiology
Radiology
Review
Shear stress
Thrombosis
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
Ventricle
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology
Ventricular Function, Left - physiology
Vortices
Vorticity
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Title Left ventricular flow dynamics by cardiac imaging techniques in heart failure patients: state of the art
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12947-025-00347-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40383777
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3216563901
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3205663674
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12087152
https://doaj.org/article/1a55d816fc614389a3d1ef71eea66b22
Volume 23
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