The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect...

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Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 28; no. 8; p. 3599
Main Authors Zhuang, Wei-Bing, Li, Yu-Hang, Shu, Xiao-Chun, Pu, Yu-Ting, Wang, Xiao-Jing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Zhong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Abiotic stress
Antioxidants
Biosynthesis
biotic stress
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Cocoa
Flavonoids
Flavonoids - metabolism
Flavonols
Flowers & plants
Fruits
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetically modified plants
Isoflavones
Metabolites
molecular mechanism
Molecular Structure
Nematoda
Plant reproduction
Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism
Radiation
Review
Stress, Physiological - genetics
transgenic plants
Massachusetts
transgenic plants
molecular mechanism
flavonoids
biotic stress
abiotic stress
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Abstract With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
AbstractList With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
Audience Academic
Author Pu, Yu-Ting
Li, Yu-Hang
Shu, Xiao-Chun
Wang, Tao
Wang, Xiao-Jing
Wang, Zhong
Zhuang, Wei-Bing
AuthorAffiliation 2 College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; pyt177693@163.com
1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; weibingzhuangnj@sina.com (W.-B.Z.); liyuh1998@163.com (Y.-H.L.); islbe@163.com (X.-C.S.); johnwt1007@163.com (T.W.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; pyt177693@163.com
– name: 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; weibingzhuangnj@sina.com (W.-B.Z.); liyuh1998@163.com (Y.-H.L.); islbe@163.com (X.-C.S.); johnwt1007@163.com (T.W.)
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  fullname: Zhuang, Wei-Bing
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37110833$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords transgenic plants
molecular mechanism
flavonoids
biotic stress
abiotic stress
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Snippet With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery...
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SubjectTerms Abiotic stress
Antioxidants
Biosynthesis
biotic stress
Citrus
Citrus fruits
Cocoa
Flavonoids
Flavonoids - metabolism
Flavonols
Flowers & plants
Fruits
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetically modified plants
Isoflavones
Metabolites
molecular mechanism
Molecular Structure
Nematoda
Plant reproduction
Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism
Radiation
Review
Stress, Physiological - genetics
transgenic plants
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Title The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
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Volume 28
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