Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010-2014
As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Travel histories from Swaziland's routine...
Saved in:
Published in | Malaria journal Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 359 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
BioMed Central Ltd
08.09.2017
BioMed Central BMC |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs.
Travel histories from Swaziland's routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD.
Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified.
Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Methods Travel histories from Swaziland’s routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD. Results Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified. Conclusion Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Travel histories from Swaziland's routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD. Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified. Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. BACKGROUNDAs Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs.METHODSTravel histories from Swaziland's routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD.RESULTSOf 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified.CONCLUSIONResults from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. Abstract Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs. Methods Travel histories from Swaziland’s routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD. Results Of 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified. Conclusion Results from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level. |
ArticleNumber | 359 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Le Menach, Arnaud Dlamini, Bongani Pindolia, Deepa Tejedor-Garavito, Natalia Ruktanonchai, Nick W Smith, David L Tatem, Andrew J Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu Alegana, Victor Kunene, Simon Dlamini, Nomcebo Soble, Adam |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Natalia orcidid: 0000-0002-1140-6263 surname: Tejedor-Garavito fullname: Tejedor-Garavito, Natalia email: ntg@geodata.soton.ac.uk organization: WorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. ntg@geodata.soton.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Nomcebo surname: Dlamini fullname: Dlamini, Nomcebo organization: National Malaria Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland – sequence: 3 givenname: Deepa surname: Pindolia fullname: Pindolia, Deepa organization: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Adam surname: Soble fullname: Soble, Adam organization: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Nick W surname: Ruktanonchai fullname: Ruktanonchai, Nick W organization: Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: Victor surname: Alegana fullname: Alegana, Victor organization: Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: Arnaud surname: Le Menach fullname: Le Menach, Arnaud organization: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Nyasatu surname: Ntshalintshali fullname: Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu organization: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Bongani surname: Dlamini fullname: Dlamini, Bongani organization: Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: David L surname: Smith fullname: Smith, David L organization: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Andrew J surname: Tatem fullname: Tatem, Andrew J organization: Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 12 givenname: Simon surname: Kunene fullname: Kunene, Simon organization: National Malaria Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886710$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNptUsluFDEQbaEgssAHcEEtceFAh_LW7b4gRRFLpEgcCBI3q9rLjEc97cHuCYKvp4YJIYOQDy5VvfdcVX6n1dGUJl9VzxmcM6bbN4XxXrQNsK7hALLRj6oTJjvVcN2powfxcXVaygoIqDv-pDrmWuu2Y3BSfb3JeOvHeoPz7PNUapxc7fw6LTJultHWdokZLdVimaMtdQr1GkfMEWuLxZc6TvXn7_gzjsR8XXNgQM0w-bR6HHAs_tndfVZ9ef_u5vJjc_3pw9XlxXVjVQtzE1rrsOWCOydoJiFVy1RvBw-6R4UUsL7nwba2dV1vEaCTOjgdpAKuHRNn1dVe1yVcmU2Oa8w_TMJofidSXhjM1PnojRyAtPSg2dBJNgyD7RAYD-h8EMwr0nq719psh7V31k9zxvFA9LAyxaVZpFujVM-ocRJ4dSeQ07etL7NZx2L9SLvxaVsM60WnBABwgr78B7pK2zzRqgwXUvNWApd_UQukAeIUEr1rd6LmQkHPAIQUhDr_D4oOfWS05JkQKX9AYHuCzamU7MP9jAzMzlpmby1DjjE7axlNnBcPl3PP-OMl8QtGUMiC |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_019_2880_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_020_1512_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_019_3078_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_021_03844_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40249_023_01129_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_017_2106_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tmaid_2020_101792 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0252690 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_10339_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41182_018_0127_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_018_06290_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_03504_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed7070121 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compenvurbsys_2019_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_22969_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19116776 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_021_03893_x crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2007488118 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1008830 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_43510 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiz305 crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed8030180 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_023_04467_9 crossref_primary_10_4269_ajtmh_18_0456 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_020_03346_x crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed4040123 |
Cites_doi | 10.1186/1475-2875-8-287 10.1186/s12936-017-1874-0 10.1038/srep00093 10.1186/1475-2875-11-205 10.1186/1475-2875-12-61 10.1371/journal.pone.0124300 10.1371/journal.pone.0029550 10.1186/1475-2875-12-331 10.1186/s12936-016-1453-9 10.1093/cid/cix131 10.1186/s12936-016-1315-5 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044003 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.42 10.1038/sdata.2016.66 10.7554/eLife.09520 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002380 10.1186/1475-2875-12-219 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0256 10.1186/1475-2875-13-52 10.1186/1475-2875-10-313 10.1371/journal.pone.0063830 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00230-0 10.1038/srep29628 10.1186/1475-2875-9-68 10.1038/nature15535 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61269-X |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2017 BioMed Central Ltd. 2017. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Author(s) 2017 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2017. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: The Author(s) 2017 |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7SS 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W FYUFA GHDGH H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M0S M1P M7N PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
DOI | 10.1186/s12936-017-2004-8 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Public Health Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: BENPR name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Public Health |
EISSN | 1475-2875 |
EndPage | 359 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 A509100343 10_1186_s12936_017_2004_8 28886710 |
Genre | Journal Article |
GeographicLocations | United Kingdom Sweden Swaziland |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: United Kingdom – name: Swaziland – name: Sweden |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: U19 AI089674 – fundername: ; grantid: OPP1106427 |
GroupedDBID | --- -A0 0R~ 29M 2WC 3V. 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACGFS ACIHN ACMJI ACPRK ACRMQ ADBBV ADINQ ADRAZ ADUKV AEAQA AENEX AFKRA AHBYD AHMBA AHYZX ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C24 C6C CCPQU CGR CS3 CUY CVF DIK DU5 E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBD EBLON EBS ECGQY ECM EIF EJD EMB EMK EMOBN ESX F5P FRP FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR INH INR ITC KQ8 M1P M48 M~E NPM O5R O5S OK1 P2P PGMZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RBZ RNS ROL RPM RSV SBL SOJ SV3 TR2 TUS U2A UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB AAYXX AFPKN CITATION ABVAZ AFGXO AFNRJ 7SS 7U9 7XB 8FK AHSBF AZQEC C1K DWQXO F1W H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M7N PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-f6cda6232dd31183456159cbe089a5acbe1992fc6c6d79ca00748fd8f45028d13 |
IEDL.DBID | RPM |
ISSN | 1475-2875 |
IngestDate | Tue Oct 22 15:15:24 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:24:43 EDT 2024 Thu Aug 15 22:22:45 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 16:07:53 EDT 2024 Thu Feb 22 23:51:07 EST 2024 Fri Feb 02 04:16:55 EST 2024 Thu Sep 12 19:25:03 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:59:35 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 1 |
Keywords | Travel history Malaria elimination Surveillance system Imported malaria Reactive case detection |
Language | English |
License | Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c560t-f6cda6232dd31183456159cbe089a5acbe1992fc6c6d79ca00748fd8f45028d13 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-1140-6263 |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5591561/ |
PMID | 28886710 |
PQID | 2348264024 |
PQPubID | 42600 |
PageCount | 1 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5591561 proquest_miscellaneous_1937530002 proquest_journals_2348264024 gale_infotracmisc_A509100343 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A509100343 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12936_017_2004_8 pubmed_primary_28886710 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2017-09-08 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-09-08 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2017 text: 2017-09-08 day: 08 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | England |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London |
PublicationTitle | Malaria journal |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Malar J |
PublicationYear | 2017 |
Publisher | BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central BMC |
Publisher_xml | – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: BioMed Central – name: BMC |
References | 26352262 - PLoS One. 2015 Sep 09;10(9):e0124300 24512144 - Malar J. 2014 Feb 10;13:52 21035841 - Lancet. 2010 Nov 6;376(9752):1592-603 28369268 - Clin Infect Dis. 2017 May 1;64(9):1221-1227 22238621 - PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29550 27116283 - Lancet. 2016 Apr 23;387(10029):1775-84 26934361 - PLoS Biol. 2016 Mar 02;14(3):e1002380 26013369 - Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jul;93(1):139-44 24044506 - Malar J. 2013 Sep 17;12:331 20003266 - Malar J. 2009 Dec 10;8:287 27529469 - Sci Data. 2016 Aug 16;3:160066 27405532 - Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 13;6:29628 27520364 - Malar J. 2016 Aug 12;15(1):409 17255227 - Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jan;76(1):42-7 22018266 - Malar J. 2011 Oct 21;10:313 23700437 - PLoS One. 2013 May 20;8(5):e63830 28571572 - Malar J. 2017 Jun 1;16(1):232 23398628 - Malar J. 2013 Feb 11;12:61 27169470 - Malar J. 2016 May 11;15(1):273 23805843 - Malar J. 2013 Jun 27;12:219 26375008 - Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):207-211 22703541 - Malar J. 2012 Jun 18;11:205 22355611 - Sci Rep. 2011;1:93 20199676 - Malar J. 2010 Mar 03;9:68 26714110 - Elife. 2015 Dec 29;4:null ESRI (2004_CR20) 2014 HM Edwards (2004_CR27) 2015; 10 G Newby (2004_CR3) 2016; 387 H Sturrock (2004_CR29) 2013; 8 NW Ruktanonchai (2004_CR33) 2016; 15 S Bhatt (2004_CR5) 2015; 526 A Le Menach (2004_CR9) 2011; 1 R Maharaj (2004_CR25) 2016; 15 T-W Chuang (2004_CR36) 2017; 16 2004_CR23 2004_CR21 SV Dlamini (2004_CR35) 2010; 9 A Schneider (2004_CR24) 2009; 4 K Koita (2004_CR13) 2013; 12 2004_CR19 B Moonen (2004_CR8) 2010; 376 VA Alegana (2004_CR30) 2016; 6 B Sharp (2004_CR15) 2007; 76 RC Reiner Jr (2004_CR18) 2015; 4 The Roll Back Malaria Partnership (2004_CR2) 2015 N Ranadive (2004_CR31) 2017; 64 M Littrell (2004_CR11) 2013; 12 J Hemingway (2004_CR4) 2016; 14 R Core Team (2004_CR22) 2015 A Tatem (2004_CR26) 2009; 8 2004_CR1 JM Cohen (2004_CR17) 2013; 12 S Kunene (2004_CR12) 2011; 10 M Hsiang (2004_CR10) 2012; 7 2004_CR14 WHO (2004_CR6) 2015 A Sorichetta (2004_CR34) 2016; 3 A Tatem (2004_CR7) 2014; 13 HJW Sturrock (2004_CR28) 2015; 93 D Pindolia (2004_CR16) 2012; 11 2004_CR32 |
References_xml | – volume: 8 start-page: 287 year: 2009 ident: 2004_CR26 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-287 contributor: fullname: A Tatem – ident: 2004_CR1 – ident: 2004_CR32 – volume: 16 start-page: 232 year: 2017 ident: 2004_CR36 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1874-0 contributor: fullname: T-W Chuang – volume: 1 start-page: 93 year: 2011 ident: 2004_CR9 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/srep00093 contributor: fullname: A Le Menach – volume: 11 start-page: 205 year: 2012 ident: 2004_CR16 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-205 contributor: fullname: D Pindolia – volume: 12 start-page: 61 year: 2013 ident: 2004_CR17 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-61 contributor: fullname: JM Cohen – volume: 10 start-page: e0124300 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR27 publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124300 contributor: fullname: HM Edwards – volume: 7 start-page: e29550 year: 2012 ident: 2004_CR10 publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029550 contributor: fullname: M Hsiang – volume-title: ArcGIS desktop: release 10.2.2 year: 2014 ident: 2004_CR20 contributor: fullname: ESRI – volume: 12 start-page: 331 year: 2013 ident: 2004_CR11 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-331 contributor: fullname: M Littrell – volume: 15 start-page: 409 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR25 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1453-9 contributor: fullname: R Maharaj – ident: 2004_CR21 – ident: 2004_CR19 – volume: 64 start-page: 1221 year: 2017 ident: 2004_CR31 publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/cix131 contributor: fullname: N Ranadive – volume-title: R: a language and environment for statistical computing year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR22 contributor: fullname: R Core Team – ident: 2004_CR23 – volume: 15 start-page: 273 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR33 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1315-5 contributor: fullname: NW Ruktanonchai – volume: 4 start-page: 044003 year: 2009 ident: 2004_CR24 publication-title: Environ Res Lett doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044003 contributor: fullname: A Schneider – volume-title: Roll back malaria. Action and investment to defeat malaria 2016–2030 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR2 contributor: fullname: The Roll Back Malaria Partnership – volume: 76 start-page: 42 year: 2007 ident: 2004_CR15 publication-title: Trop Med Hyg doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.42 contributor: fullname: B Sharp – volume: 3 start-page: 160066 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR34 publication-title: Sci Data doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.66 contributor: fullname: A Sorichetta – volume: 4 start-page: e09520 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR18 publication-title: eLife doi: 10.7554/eLife.09520 contributor: fullname: RC Reiner Jr – volume: 14 start-page: e1002380 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR4 publication-title: PLoS Biol doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002380 contributor: fullname: J Hemingway – volume: 12 start-page: 219 year: 2013 ident: 2004_CR13 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-219 contributor: fullname: K Koita – volume: 93 start-page: 139 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR28 publication-title: Am J Trop Med Hyg doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0256 contributor: fullname: HJW Sturrock – volume: 13 start-page: 52 year: 2014 ident: 2004_CR7 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-52 contributor: fullname: A Tatem – volume: 10 start-page: 313 year: 2011 ident: 2004_CR12 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-313 contributor: fullname: S Kunene – volume: 8 start-page: e63830 year: 2013 ident: 2004_CR29 publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063830 contributor: fullname: H Sturrock – ident: 2004_CR14 – volume: 387 start-page: 1775 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR3 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00230-0 contributor: fullname: G Newby – volume: 6 start-page: 29628 year: 2016 ident: 2004_CR30 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/srep29628 contributor: fullname: VA Alegana – volume: 9 start-page: 68 year: 2010 ident: 2004_CR35 publication-title: Malar J doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-68 contributor: fullname: SV Dlamini – volume: 526 start-page: 207 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR5 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature15535 contributor: fullname: S Bhatt – volume-title: Global malaria programme. World malaria report 2015 year: 2015 ident: 2004_CR6 contributor: fullname: WHO – volume: 376 start-page: 1592 year: 2010 ident: 2004_CR8 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61269-X contributor: fullname: B Moonen |
SSID | ssj0017872 |
Score | 2.3756807 |
Snippet | As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported... Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important.... BACKGROUNDAs Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important.... Abstract Background As Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly... |
SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale crossref pubmed |
SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | 359 |
SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis Communicable Disease Control - statistics & numerical data Demographic aspects Demography Disease transmission Diseases Emigration and Immigration Epidemiological Monitoring Female Health aspects Health facilities Health risks Human diseases Humans Identification Importation Imported malaria Infections Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Malaria - prevention & control Malaria - transmission Malaria elimination Male Males Mozambique Parasites Reactive case detection Risk Factors Seasons Sociodemographics South Africa Surveillance Surveillance system Swaziland - epidemiology Travel Travel - statistics & numerical data Travel history Travelers Travellers Vector-borne diseases |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NSuRAEC7E04LIuj9u1JVeWBAWg5NOp9NzVFFkQS8qiJemf9LswJoRMyJ48h18Q59kq7ozw4Q97GVPCelOSKqqU1-lKl8BfHeUvCLmR47-PReSm1xJFXJTuBBUKJyNH9zOL-TZtfh5U90stfqimrBED5wEdyAsXokri_AKnZ-11tUGX6rB-CaURZPYS4tqHkz1-QM0Q97nMAslDzryahQ519EqcjXwQpGs_-9X8pJPGtZLLjmg0_ew3iNHdpjueANWmvYDrKXPbiz9TfQRbq-ondBvdh9pM9uOmdYz39wlYmqc6IYEzWwa2J3B6HZimEOH1rFJyy6fzPOEKh73GWWx315ecSM-wfXpydXxWd63T8gdwphZHqTzBtEN975EKZQElaqxs81IjU1lcIdKT4OTTvp67AyhCRW8CqJC0OGL8jOsttO2-QIMUZekvt-lckH4yhqElah7zn0txkKOMvgxF6e-TywZOkYXSuoke42yp5aXQqsMjkjgi4lEcB0PoNp1r3b9L7VnsEfq0rQMUSfO9H8T4P0SoZU-jEBoVIoyg53BTFw-bjg8V7jul2-nOVH-SAytRQbfFsN0JpWktc30sdOIfDHUI4-SwWayj8UjcaWINxDlUg8sZ_DMw5F28iuSe2OEhyF1sfU_hLQN7zjZPOW_1A6szh4em6-IoWZ2Ny6XPz2PGBY priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Public Health Database dbid: 8C1 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3NatwwEB7S5FIoJU3_3KRBhUKh1GQty7L2VNLQEALppQmEXoR-rHahsbfxhkJPeYe8YZ-kM7J2GxPIyYulBXs0o_lGM_4G4K2j5BUxP3L077mQ3ORKqpCbwoWgQuFsPHA7-SKPzsTxeXWeDtz6VFa53BPjRu07R2fke5xYWCRGO-Lj_FdOXaMou5paaDyAjQIVk1o3qINViUeByshTJrNQcq8n30bxcx11I1cjXxQp--9uzLc807hq8pYbOtyExwk_sv1hwZ_AWtNuwaPh8I0N3xQ9hW-n1FToJ5tH8sy2Z6b1zDcXAz01TnRjmmbWBXZhMMadGebQrfVs1rKvv82fGdU9fmCUy_57fYMX8QzODj-fHhzlqYlC7hDMLPIgnTeIcbj3JUqhJMBUTZ1tJmpqKoM_qAA1OOmkr6fOEKZQwasgKoQeviifw3rbtc1LYIi9JHX_LpULwlfWILhEDeDc12Iq5CSD90tx6vnAlaFjjKGkHmSvUfbU-FJolcEnEvhqItFcxxvd5XedrEYLi2rElUVsjcjHWutqgx41GN-EsmiqDN7RcmkyRlwTZ9I3Bfi8RGul9yMcmpSizGBnNBONyI2HlwuukxH3-r_KZfBmNUz_pMK0tumueo34FwM-8isZvBj0Y_VKXCliD0S51CPNGb3zeKSd_YgU3xjnYWBdvLr_sbbhISdtpvyW2oH1xeVV8xox0sLuRkP4ByR3DpI priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1bS9xAFD5YfSmU0tpb1MoUCoXStJvJZDL7UIoVRQr2pS5IX4a5ZOyCZu1mReuT_6H_sL-k50yyq0EffUrITCA5l5zvzJl8B-Cto-IVMT9yjO-pkNykSqqQmsyFoELmbFxw2_8u90bi22FxuATz9ladAJs7UzvqJzWaHn-8-P3nCzr85-jwSn5qKGZRXlxGnafqAaxwkQsy-H1xXVRA2-RdYfPO23qhKTL43_5O3whU_U2UN6LS7hN43MFJttXq_yksVfUqPGrX4lj7i9Ez-HlAPYaO2Wnk0qwbZmrPfHXSslXjRNdnbWaTwE4MymVsmMMo17BxzX6cm8sxbYP8wKi0_e_qLx7Ecxjt7hxs76VdT4XUIbaZpUE6bxDycO9zlEJO-KkYOlsN1NAUBk9oP2pw0klfDp0hiKGCV0EUiER8lr-A5XpSV6-AIRST1Aw8Vy4IX1iDWBMNgnNfiqGQgwTez8WpT1vqDB1TDiV1K3uNsqc-mEKrBL6SwBcTifU6XphMj3TnRFpYtCquLEJtBELWWlcaDLDB-CrkWVUk8I7UpclaUCfOdL8Y4PMSy5XeiuhokIs8gY3eTPQp1x-eK1zPTVJz4gGSmG-LBN4shulO2qdWV5OzRiMcxvyPwkwCL1v7WLwSV4rIBFEuZc9yeu_cH6nHvyLjN6Z9mGdna_chpHV4yMnmqSimNmB5Nj2rXiOwmtnN6C7_AfUCHzk priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
Title | Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010-2014 |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886710 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2348264024 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937530002 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5591561 https://doaj.org/article/4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 |
Volume | 16 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1fa9swED_a7mUwxv7PWxc0GAzG3MS2LCuPaWgpgZSythD2ImTJ2gyNE-qUQZ_6HfYN90l2J9shZm97sY0lg637ne930ukO4JOhxSvK_BijfQ-5iHUohXShjoxz0kUm9xNu83Nxds1ni3SxB2m3F8YH7Zu8PKpulkdV-dPHVq6XZtjFiQ0v5lNkweh2RMN92M-SpHPR26UDRGDcLl9GUgxrMmjkNGceECEV6IvR7RMZbZrdsUU-Zf-_P-Ydy9SPmtwxQ6fP4GnLH9mkec_nsFdUL-BJM_nGmj1FL-H7FRUVumFrnzyzqpmuLLPFsklPjR1NP00zWzm21OjjlpoZNGs1Kyt2-UvflxT3-JXRWvafh9944q_g-vTkanoWtkUUQoNkZhM6YaxGjhNbm-CAJESY0rHJi5Ec61TjBQWgOiOMsNnYaOIU0lnpeIrUw0bJazioVlXxFhhyL0HVvxNpHLdprpFcIgLi2GZ8zMUogC_dcKp1kytDeR9DCtWIQaEYqPAlVzKAYxrwbUdKc-1vrG5_qFbYiucIo1jmyK2R-eR5bjKNFtVpW7gkKtIAPpO4FCkjysTodk8Bvi-ltVITT4dGCU8COOz1RCUy_eZO4KpV4lrFlPhHoIPNA_i4baYnKTCtKlZ3tUL-iw4f2ZUA3jT42H5SB7MAsh5yet_cb0HE-xTfLcLf_feT7-FxTJinpS95CAeb27viA9KnTT5ApVlkeJTTaACPJpPZ5QzPxyfnF98GfkoCj3MuB16t_gIcRB6E |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,12083,12250,21416,24346,27955,27956,31752,31753,33299,33300,33777,33778,43343,43612,43838,53825,53827 |
linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1fi9QwEB9070FBxP9WT40gCGK5bZqm2Se5kztWvVtE9-DwJaRJowteu173EHzyO_gN_STOpNn1iuBTlyYL7WQm85vM9DcAzywlr4j5kaN_T4XkJlVS-dRk1nvlM1uFA7ejmZwei7cnxUk8cOtiWeV6TwwbtWstnZHvcGJhkRjtiFfLbyl1jaLsamyhcRm2iHJTjWBrb3_2_sMmj4DqyGMuM1NypyPvRhF0GbQjVQNvFEj7_92aL_imYd3kBUd0cAOuRwTJdvslvwmX6uYWXOuP31j_VdFt-DSntkJf2TLQZzYdM41jrj7tCapxoh0SNbPWs1ODUe7CMIuOrWOLhn38bn4sqPLxJaNs9u-fv_Ai7sDxwf789TSNbRRSi3BmlXppnUGUw53LUQo5QaZiYqt6rCamMPiDSlC9lVa6cmINoQrlnfKiQPDhsvwujJq2qe8DQ_Qlqf93rqwXrqgMwkvUAc5dKSZCjhN4sRanXvZsGTpEGUrqXvYaZU-tL4VWCeyRwDcTieg63GjPPutoN1pUqEhcVYiuEftUVWVLgz7VG1f7PKuLBJ7TcmkyR1wTa-JXBfi8RGyldwMgGuciT2B7MBPNyA6H1wuuoxl3-q_SJfB0M0z_pNK0pm7PO40IGEM-8iwJ3Ov1Y_NKXCniD0S5lAPNGbzzcKRZfAkk3xjpYWidPfj_Yz2BK9P50aE-fDN79xCuctJsynapbRitzs7rR4iYVtXjaBZ_ABBDEyY |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1ba9RAFB60ggji_RKtOoIgiNlsJpPJ7GOtLvXSUrCF0pdhLhkNdrNLs4vQJ_-D_9Bf4jmTZNnoW5922ZnATs53cr6TOfMdQl5Z3LxC5UcG8T3mgulYCuljnVrvpU-tCS_c9g_E3jH_dJKfbLT6CkX71lSj-mw2qqvvobZyMbNJXyeWHO7vAguGtCNNFs4nV8k18FlW9Il6t4EAOGTdJmYqRdJgWMPUuQiwiLFNH4PkTxR4dHYjIgXh_v8fzxvxaVg7uRGMprfJab-Mtgblx2i1NCN78Y_C46XWeYfc6igq3Wmn3CVXyvoeudm-36PtsaX75PQI-xad0UXQ56wbqmtHXTlrFbBhoh0qQdO5pzMNaXSlqYXI2dCqpl9_6osKSyvfUtwu__PrN3zwB-R4-uFody_u-jTEFvjSMvbCOg00ijmXwd3OkJPlE2vKsZzoXMMXrHH1VljhionVSFukd9LzHNiNS7OHZKue1-VjQoHeCWwwnknrucuNBv4KIGPMFXzCxTgib3pbqUUrx6FCGiOFam2swMbYW5MrGZF3aM31RFTSDj_Mz7-p7j4rbgCpTBqg70CujDG20BC0vXalz9Iyj8hrxIJCfweDW90dW4D_i8pZaicwrnHGs4hsD2aCn9rhcI8m1T0nGsVQW0hADs8j8nI9jFdi7VtdzleNAooNOSWGrog8asG3XlKP4YgUA1gO1jwcAbAFFfEOXE8ufeULcv3w_VR9-Xjw-Sm5wdC3cKNNbpOt5fmqfAZkbWmeB7f8C3LvPFE |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Travel+patterns+and+demographic+characteristics+of+malaria+cases+in+Swaziland%2C+2010%E2%80%932014&rft.jtitle=Malaria+journal&rft.au=Natalia+Tejedor%E2%80%90Garavito&rft.au=Nomcebo+Dlamini&rft.au=Deepa+Pindolia&rft.au=Adam+Soble&rft.date=2017-09-08&rft.pub=BMC&rft.eissn=1475-2875&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=18&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12936-017-2004-8&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_4b09928b81b741bbbc7a012fadef31e5 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1475-2875&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1475-2875&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1475-2875&client=summon |