Clinical presentation, risk factors and pathogens involved in bacteriuria of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of 3 hospitals in a developing country: a cross sectional analytic study
Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnan...
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Published in | BMC pregnancy and childbirth Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 143 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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29.04.2019
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Abstract | Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Overall, 354 pregnant women were enrolled with mean of age 28.18 ± 4.4. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 9.9% (35 out of 354). The prevalence of bacteriuria in women who were asymptomatic was 5.7%. Cystitis and pyelo-nephritis were observed in 3.6 and 0.6% respectively. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli): 48.6%. History of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (p = 0.035, OR = 2.183, CI = 1.055-4.518) was significantly associated with bacteriuria. High level of education was protective.
Bacteriuria was frequent in pregnant women and significantly increased with the past history of UTI and low level of education. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common. E coli was the most frequent uropathogen. Education and proper treatment of UTI should be provided to reduce the burden of this pathology in order to prevent its severe complications. |
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AbstractList | Background Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Overall, 354 pregnant women were enrolled with mean of age 28.18 ± 4.4. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 9.9% (35 out of 354). The prevalence of bacteriuria in women who were asymptomatic was 5.7%. Cystitis and pyelo-nephritis were observed in 3.6 and 0.6% respectively. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli): 48.6%. History of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (p = 0.035, OR = 2.183, CI = 1.055–4.518) was significantly associated with bacteriuria. High level of education was protective. Conclusions Bacteriuria was frequent in pregnant women and significantly increased with the past history of UTI and low level of education. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common. E coli was the most frequent uropathogen. Education and proper treatment of UTI should be provided to reduce the burden of this pathology in order to prevent its severe complications. Abstract Background Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Overall, 354 pregnant women were enrolled with mean of age 28.18 ± 4.4. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 9.9% (35 out of 354). The prevalence of bacteriuria in women who were asymptomatic was 5.7%. Cystitis and pyelo-nephritis were observed in 3.6 and 0.6% respectively. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli): 48.6%. History of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (p = 0.035, OR = 2.183, CI = 1.055–4.518) was significantly associated with bacteriuria. High level of education was protective. Conclusions Bacteriuria was frequent in pregnant women and significantly increased with the past history of UTI and low level of education. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common. E coli was the most frequent uropathogen. Education and proper treatment of UTI should be provided to reduce the burden of this pathology in order to prevent its severe complications. Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Overall, 354 pregnant women were enrolled with mean of age 28.18 ± 4.4. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 9.9% (35 out of 354). The prevalence of bacteriuria in women who were asymptomatic was 5.7%. Cystitis and pyelo-nephritis were observed in 3.6 and 0.6% respectively. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli): 48.6%. History of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (p = 0.035, OR = 2.183, CI = 1.055-4.518) was significantly associated with bacteriuria. High level of education was protective. Bacteriuria was frequent in pregnant women and significantly increased with the past history of UTI and low level of education. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common. E coli was the most frequent uropathogen. Education and proper treatment of UTI should be provided to reduce the burden of this pathology in order to prevent its severe complications. BACKGROUNDPregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun. METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTSOverall, 354 pregnant women were enrolled with mean of age 28.18 ± 4.4. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 9.9% (35 out of 354). The prevalence of bacteriuria in women who were asymptomatic was 5.7%. Cystitis and pyelo-nephritis were observed in 3.6 and 0.6% respectively. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli): 48.6%. History of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (p = 0.035, OR = 2.183, CI = 1.055-4.518) was significantly associated with bacteriuria. High level of education was protective. CONCLUSIONSBacteriuria was frequent in pregnant women and significantly increased with the past history of UTI and low level of education. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common. E coli was the most frequent uropathogen. Education and proper treatment of UTI should be provided to reduce the burden of this pathology in order to prevent its severe complications. |
ArticleNumber | 143 |
Author | Okalla Ebongue, Cecile Mboudou, Emile Nouwe Chokotheu, Chrystelle Tchente Nguefack, Charlotte Ebong Ewougo, Cedric Nana Njamen, Théophile |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Charlotte orcidid: 0000-0002-6904-3776 surname: Tchente Nguefack fullname: Tchente Nguefack, Charlotte email: cnguefack2007@yahoo.fr organization: Depatment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Douala; Douala General Hospital, Po Box 303, Douala, Cameroon. cnguefack2007@yahoo.fr – sequence: 2 givenname: Cecile surname: Okalla Ebongue fullname: Okalla Ebongue, Cecile organization: Douala General Hospital; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon – sequence: 3 givenname: Chrystelle surname: Nouwe Chokotheu fullname: Nouwe Chokotheu, Chrystelle organization: Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon – sequence: 4 givenname: Cedric surname: Ebong Ewougo fullname: Ebong Ewougo, Cedric organization: Master Clinical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon – sequence: 5 givenname: Théophile surname: Nana Njamen fullname: Nana Njamen, Théophile organization: Douala General Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buéa, Cameroon – sequence: 6 givenname: Emile surname: Mboudou fullname: Mboudou, Emile organization: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé Cameroon, Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Douala, Cameroon |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_59557 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_8418043 crossref_primary_10_1097_OGX_0000000000000993 crossref_primary_10_1093_jtm_taad155 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_29029 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_5321276 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10091055 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S310696 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6551526 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00404_020_05903_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtumed_2020_10_010 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_77696_6 crossref_primary_10_5897_AJMR2021_9491 crossref_primary_10_2147_JMDH_S286243 |
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Snippet | Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of... Background Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The... BACKGROUNDPregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The... Abstract Background Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Age Anemia Antibiotics Bacteriuria Bacteriuria - epidemiology Bacteriuria - microbiology Cameroon - epidemiology Clinical presentation Developing countries Epidemiology Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Female HIV Hospitals Human immunodeficiency virus Humans LDCs Microscopy Pathogens Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - microbiology Prenatal Care Prevalence Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Urinary tract diseases Urinary tract infections Urine Urogenital system Womens health |
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Title | Clinical presentation, risk factors and pathogens involved in bacteriuria of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of 3 hospitals in a developing country: a cross sectional analytic study |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035943 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2227340898 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2217479713 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6489255 https://doaj.org/article/8dde8eb6b3ce472eaf3fa1273181de24 |
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