Decreased microbiome diversity in the HIV small airway epithelium

• Published in: Respiratory research Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 140 - 8
• Main Authors: Xu, Stella, Tsai, Amy, Sze, Marc A., Vucic, Emily A., Shaipanich, Tawimas, Harris, Marianne, Guillemi, Silvia, Yang, Julia, Sinha, Sunita, Nislow, Corey, Montaner, Julio, Lam, Wan, Lam, Stephen, Sin, Don D., Paul Man, S. F., Leung, Janice M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 27.07.2018; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abundance; Antibiotics; Bacteroidetes; Campylobacter; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Community composition; Control; COPD; Cystic fibrosis; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Epithelium; Firmicutes; Gene expression; HIV; HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunosuppression; Lung diseases; Medical screening; Microbiome; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Obstructive lung disease; Pathogenesis; Proteobacteria; Relative abundance; Respiratory tract; rRNA 16S; Smoking; Viruses; HIV; Epithelium; COPD; Microbiome
• DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0835-7
• ISSN: 1465-993X; 1465-9921

Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) face an increased burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Repeated pulmonary infections, antibiotic exposures, and immunosuppression may contribute to an altered small airway epithelium (SAE) microbiome. SAE cells were collected from 28 PLWH and 48 HIV- controls through bronchoscopic cytologic brushings. DNA extracted from SAE cells was subjected to 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Comparisons of alpha and beta diversity between HIV+ and HIV- groups were performed and key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) distinguishing the two groups were identified using the Boruta feature selection after Random Forest Analysis. PLWH demonstrated significantly reduced Shannon diversity compared with HIV- volunteers (1.82 ± 0.10 vs. 2.20 ± 0.073, p = 0.0024). This was primarily driven by a reduction in bacterial richness (23.29 ± 2.75 for PLWH and 46.04 ± 3.716 for HIV-, p < 0.0001). Phyla distribution was significantly altered among PLWH, with an increase in relative abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.0003) and a decrease in Bacteroidetes (p = 0.0068) and Firmicutes (p = 0.0002). Six discriminative OTUs were found to distinguish PLWH from HIV- volunteers, aligning to Veillonellaceae, Fusobacterium, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Campylobacter. Compared to HIV- controls, PLWH's SAE microbiome is marked by reduced bacterial diversity and richness with significant differences in community composition.