Hydrogels: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydroge...
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| Published in | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 9; p. 2902 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
02.05.2022
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. |
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| AbstractList | Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. |
| Author | Ho, Tzu-Chuan Chuang, Kuo-Pin Chang, Chin-Chuan Chung, Tze-Wen Shu, Chih-Wen Duh, Tsai-Hui Chan, Hung-Pin Tyan, Yu-Chang Yang, Ming-Hui |
| AuthorAffiliation | 9 Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; tshudu@kmu.edu.tw 3 School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; chinuan@kmu.edu.tw 10 Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan 11 Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan 1 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; r090340@kmu.edu.tw (T.-C.H.); t0987295916@gmail.com (C.-W.S.) 15 Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan 14 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan 8 Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 8 Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; kpchuang@g4e.npust.edu.tw – name: 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan – name: 15 Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 11 Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan – name: 3 School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; hpchan@vghks.gov.tw – name: 13 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 9 Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; tshudu@kmu.edu.tw – name: 7 Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; twchung@nycu.edu.tw – name: 14 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 1 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; r090340@kmu.edu.tw (T.-C.H.); t0987295916@gmail.com (C.-W.S.) – name: 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; chinuan@kmu.edu.tw – name: 4 Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 10 Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan – name: 12 Center of General Education, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tzu-Chuan surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Tzu-Chuan – sequence: 2 givenname: Chin-Chuan surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Chin-Chuan – sequence: 3 givenname: Hung-Pin orcidid: 0000-0001-9741-5824 surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Hung-Pin – sequence: 4 givenname: Tze-Wen orcidid: 0000-0002-7469-9913 surname: Chung fullname: Chung, Tze-Wen – sequence: 5 givenname: Chih-Wen surname: Shu fullname: Shu, Chih-Wen – sequence: 6 givenname: Kuo-Pin orcidid: 0000-0002-3973-8390 surname: Chuang fullname: Chuang, Kuo-Pin – sequence: 7 givenname: Tsai-Hui surname: Duh fullname: Duh, Tsai-Hui – sequence: 8 givenname: Ming-Hui orcidid: 0000-0001-5856-0498 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Ming-Hui – sequence: 9 givenname: Yu-Chang orcidid: 0000-0002-1917-5893 surname: Tyan fullname: Tyan, Yu-Chang |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35566251$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | 3D cell culture Biological activity drug delivery Enzymes Hyaluronic acid hydrogel Hydrogels medical application Physical properties Polyethylene glycol Polymerization Polymers Polyvinyl alcohol Regenerative medicine Review Tissue engineering wound dressing |
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