A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination

Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easil...

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Published inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 4; p. 800
Main Authors Pratiwi, Rimadani, Noviana, Eka, Fauziati, Rizky, Carrão, Daniel Blascke, Gandhi, Firas Adinda, Majid, Mutiara Aini, Saputri, Febrina Amelia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.02.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
Analgesics
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods
chromatography
codeine
Codeine - analysis
Codeine - chemistry
Color
colorimetry
drug analysis
electrochemistry
Humans
Morphine
Multivariate analysis
Narcotics
Pain
Pharmaceuticals
Reagents
Review
spectrophotometry
codeine
colorimetry
spectrophotometry
capillary electromigration
electrochemistry
drug analysis
chromatography
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Abstract Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.
AbstractList Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.
Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.
Author Pratiwi, Rimadani
Noviana, Eka
Gandhi, Firas Adinda
Fauziati, Rizky
Carrão, Daniel Blascke
Majid, Mutiara Aini
Saputri, Febrina Amelia
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; eka.noviana@ugm.ac.id
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; Rizky17007@mail.unpad.ac.id (R.F.); firas17001@mail.unpad.ac.id (F.A.G.); Mutiara17006@mail.unpad.ac.id (M.A.M.); febrina@unpad.ac.id (F.A.S.)
3 Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil; danielcarrao@yahoo.com
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; Rizky17007@mail.unpad.ac.id (R.F.); firas17001@mail.unpad.ac.id (F.A.G.); Mutiara17006@mail.unpad.ac.id (M.A.M.); febrina@unpad.ac.id (F.A.S.)
– name: 3 Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil; danielcarrao@yahoo.com
– name: 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; eka.noviana@ugm.ac.id
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  surname: Saputri
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557168$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords codeine
colorimetry
spectrophotometry
capillary electromigration
electrochemistry
drug analysis
chromatography
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Snippet Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly...
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StartPage 800
SubjectTerms Acids
Analgesics
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods
chromatography
codeine
Codeine - analysis
Codeine - chemistry
Color
colorimetry
drug analysis
electrochemistry
Humans
Morphine
Multivariate analysis
Narcotics
Pain
Pharmaceuticals
Reagents
Review
spectrophotometry
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Title A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557168
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Volume 26
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