A starting guide to root ecology strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant...

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Published inThe New phytologist Vol. 232; no. 3; pp. 973 - 1122
Main Authors Freschet, Grégoire T., Pagès, Loïc, Iversen, Colleen M., Comas, Louise H., Rewald, Boris, Roumet, Catherine, Klimešová, Jitka, Zadworny, Marcin, Poorter, Hendrik, Postma, Johannes A., Adams, Thomas S., Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bengough, A. Glyn, Blancaflor, Elison B., Brunner, Ivano, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Garnier, Eric, Gessler, Arthur, Hobbie, Sarah E., Meier, Ina C., Mommer, Liesje, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Rose, Laura, Ryser, Peter, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Stokes, Alexia, Sun, Tao, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., Weemstra, Monique, Weigelt, Alexandra, Wurzburger, Nina, York, Larry M., Batterman, Sarah A., de Moraes, Moemy Gomes, Janeček, Štěpán, Lambers, Hans, Salmon, Verity, Tharayil, Nishanth, McCormack, M. Luke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Wiley 01.11.2021
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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Abstract In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I–VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
AbstractList In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting‐edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below‐ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below‐ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below‐ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I–VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
Author Klimešová, Jitka
de Moraes, Moemy Gomes
Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka
Gessler, Arthur
Meier, Ina C.
Poorter, Hendrik
Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.
Janeček, Štěpán
Sun, Tao
Garnier, Eric
Blancaflor, Elison B.
Wurzburger, Nina
Lambers, Hans
McCormack, M. Luke
Weemstra, Monique
Postma, Johannes A.
Batterman, Sarah A.
Mommer, Liesje
Rose, Laura
Iversen, Colleen M.
Roumet, Catherine
Hobbie, Sarah E.
Zadworny, Marcin
Bengough, A. Glyn
Pagès, Loïc
Tharayil, Nishanth
Picon-Cochard, Catherine
York, Larry M.
Weigelt, Alexandra
Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J.
Salmon, Verity
Rewald, Boris
Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
Adams, Thomas S.
Brunner, Ivano
Stokes, Alexia
Ryser, Peter
Comas, Louise H.
Freschet, Grégoire T.
Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.
AuthorAffiliation 5 USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320 Fort Collins CO 80526 USA
8 Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Parkowa 5 62‐035 Kórnik Poland
12 Department of General Botany Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6 61-614 Poznań Poland
37 School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley (Perth) WA 6009 Australia
1 CEFE Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
31 Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Institute of Biology Leipzig University Johannisallee 21-23 Leipzig 04103 Germany
3 UR 1115 PSH Centre PACA, site Agroparc INRAE 84914 Avignon cedex 9 France
4 Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
2 Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale CNRS 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
15 Noble Research Institute,
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– name: 28 INRAE AMAP CIRAD, IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier 34000 France
– name: 7 Department of Functional Ecology Institute of Botany CAS Dukelska 135 37901 Trebon Czech Republic
– name: 35 Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY 12545 USA
– name: 19 Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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– name: 29 Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
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– name: 20 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA
– name: 22 Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University and Research PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
– name: 33 Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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– name: 1 CEFE Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
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– name: 15 Noble Research Institute, LLC 2510 Sam Noble Parkway Ardmore OK 73401 USA
– name: 3 UR 1115 PSH Centre PACA, site Agroparc INRAE 84914 Avignon cedex 9 France
– name: 26 Geobotany Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
– name: 24 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
– name: 31 Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Institute of Biology Leipzig University Johannisallee 21-23 Leipzig 04103 Germany
– name: 16 Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstr. 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
– name: 4 Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
– name: 32 Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia 140 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
– name: 36 Department of Botany Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Goiás 19 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
– name: 2 Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale CNRS 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
– name: 17 Department of Ecological Science Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1085 Amsterdam 1081 HV the Netherlands
– name: 25 Laurentian University 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury ON P3E 2C6 Canada
– name: 11 Department of Plant Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
– name: 18 Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstr. 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34608637$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://hal.science/hal-03379708$$DView record in HAL
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1827055$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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Issue 3
Keywords root ecology
protocol
root traits
trait measurements
handbook
plant root functions
root classification
below-ground ecology
Below-ground ecology
Plant root functions
Trait measurements
Root traits
Protocol
Root ecology
Handbook
Root classification
Language English
License Attribution
2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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2014b; 58
2013; 112
1999; 57
1999; 50
1959; 37
1983; 29
2010; 5
1998; 12
2010; 9
2020; 40
2009; 182
2013; 101
1943; 18
1999; 22
2020; 35
1998; 139
1998; 138
2004; 431
1984; 30
1976; 57
2013; 339
2017b; 216
1999b; 91
2009; 183
1975; 21
1998; 140
1905; 94
2016; 108
2014; 290
1975; 56
2016; 104
2014; 291
2016; 103
1985; 66
1938
2008a; 180
2005; 143
1984; 16
2005; 145
1999; 19
2016; 118
2016; 113
1999; 13
1999; 12
2016; 353
2016; 359
2016; 117
1975; 41
2021; 232
2020; 44
2016b; 9
1958; 7
2017; 218
2013; 302
1952
2017; 213
2017; 214
2017; 215
2017; 216
1970; 57
2001; 232
2005; 165
2005; 166
2005; 167
1965
1962
2009; 8
1975; 63
2009; 6
2003; 302
1985; 33
2009; 2
2001; 236
2001; 235
1968
2001; 237
1989; 40
2012; 360
2012; 122
2002; 153
2002; 154
1983; 3
2002; 155
1958; 53
1975
1972
1932; 94
1995; 130
2009; 114
1979
1977
2009; 12
1971; 8
1990
2007; 8
1987
1985
2007; 4
2007; 2
2007; 1
2009; 15
1989
2001; 413
1988
1995; 9
2004; 265
2019; 9
2013a; 502
2002; 131
1958; 39
1974; 73
2002; 132
2004; 262
2002; 133
1998
1997
1996
1994
1993
1992
2019; 107
1991
1970; 18
2012; 108
2012; 109
1999
2012; 110
2012; 352
2012; 353
2012; 111
1973; 28
1989; 59
2012; 359
2009; 103
2009; 45
2017; 7
2017; 8
2001b; 150
2017; 1
2012; 2012
2002; 197
2016b; 212
2009; 155
2019; 127
1988; 34
1995; 172
2019; 123
1995; 170
2014; 206
2012; 173
2009; 55
2014; 204
2004; 259
2004; 258
2013b; 83
1988; 44
1996a; 77
2014; 203
2014; 201
2002; 171
2009; 20
1988; 54
2008; 14
2008; 11
1972; 20
1972; 23
1987; 17
2009; 27
2009; 29
2009; 28
2009; 36
2009; 32
2002; 165
1989; 92
2015b; 208
1988; 66
2012; 158
1995; 187
1972; 34
2011; 116
2010; 98
2010; 97
1987; 106
2019b; 10
1995; 35
2004; 7
1987; 107
1996; 74
2003; 158
2001; 45
1979; 32
1999; 209
1997; 7
1996; 78
2012a; 279
2011; 366
2000; 14
2002; 83
1988; 87
2003; 160
1996; 132
1999; 213
1999; 210
2002; 90
1999; 216
1999; 217
2001; 52
2011; 121
2003; 164
1987; 56
2018; 106
2002; 72
1986; 13
2012b; 22
2001; 24
1979; 11
1996; 97
2012; 195
2012; 196
2016; 6
2018; 110
2016; 7
1996b; 187
2002; 64
2018; 115
2007; 274
1996; 83
1996; 110
2012b; 18
1994; 18
1973; 5
2001; 33
2001; 34
1973; 7
2016; 8
2016; 9
2001; 31
2012a; 46
1987; 75
1987; 74
2002; 53
2002; 50
1978; 30
1986; 37
2011; 99
2009; 317
2009; 318
1996; 108
2009; 314
1996; 33
2014; 5
1937; 139
2014; 4
1997; 94
2003; 91
2012a; 39
2001
2000
2012a; 32
2009; 320
2009; 321
2001; 17
2014; 9
2001; 11
2003; 84
2009; 324
2012a; 26
2015; 282
1997; 61
2003; 81
2012
2011
2010
1995; 15
1986; 59
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2003
2002
1995; 18
1979; 52
2003; 73
1996; 54
2011; 331
2004; 199
2011; 346
2011; 108
2011; 349
2011; 107
2011; 348
1997; 75
1986; 67
2002; 21
1986; 69
1997; 79
2018; 555
1997; 78
2002; 22
1995; 109
2019
2018
1995; 104
2017
1995; 102
2016
2015
2013
2010; 91
2011; 343
2011; 341
2011; 340
2002; 16
2010; 11
2010; 16
2010; 15
2010; 13
2010; 107
2005; 212
2011; 62
2011b; 46
1981; 144
2010; 102
1998; 81
2011; 191
2011; 190
2003; 51
2012; 99
2003; 54
2018; 176
2010; 24
2010; 119
2017b
1978; 65
2017a
2010; 28
2006; 284
2013; 199
2006; 286
1977; 30
2006; 280
1977; 32
2013; 198
1998; 201
1998; 200
2010; 30
2006; 288
2010; 37
2010; 36
1996; 19
2010; 328
2002; 5
2011; 81
2011; 83
1997; 29
1997; 28
2002; 3
1997; 27
2013a
1998; 64
2003; 30
1996; 10
2010; 42
2018; 192
2000; 224
2000; 225
2010; 336
1978; 42
1997; 37
2010; 335
2010; 332
2010; 333
2003; 26
2000; 220
2013; 176
2013; 172
2013; 171
1990; 7
2003; 21
2003; 23
1998; 49
2018; 122
2018; 121
2011; 157
2003; 117
2000; 6
2000; 5
2017a; 417
2000; 4
2000; 3
2015a; 112
2000; 9
2000; 218
2018a; 106
1988; 146
1996; 183
1999; 87
2013; 163
2011; 13
1999; 83
1996; 185
2011; 14
2011; 17
2011; 156
2012; 54
2011; 155
2012; 52
2011; 168
2001; 294
1933; 30
2013; 94
1997; 17
2011; 24
1999; 96
2011; 165
2012; 63
2015; 200
2005; 435
2015; 209
2015; 208
2011; 34
2013; 140
1999; 63
2015; 206
2015; 205
2011; 174
2003; 136
2011; 177
2012; 93
2012; 3
2016a; 210
2011; 51
1934; 56
2013; 372
2011; 46
2013; 371
2013; 373
2013; 370
1976; 15
2011; 189
2012; 9
2004; 20
2013; 65
2019; 10
2013; 61
2013; 64
2004; 24
2010; 187
2019; 17
2010; 188
2010; 186
1967; 26
2012; 15
2008; 100
2012; 12
2012; 11
2001; 149
1992; 6
2004; 31
2013a; 238
2018a; 32
2019; 22
2019; 25
2005; 73
2015a; 207
2015a; 206
2015b; 389
2012; 27
2012; 26
2012; 24
2014; 95
2012; 21
1968; 55
2005; 79
2016; erw062
1990; 129
2001; 164
1994; 158
2011; 2
2016; 209
2013; 85
2010; 163
2010; 162
2012; 39
2011; 4
2011; 6
2017; 136
2012; 32
2004; 54
2004; 55
1994; 165
2001; 150
2019; 40
1990; 115
2001; 152
1967; 2
1994; 164
1994; 162
1967; 39
2016; 212
2016; 211
2016; 210
2005; 93
2016; 213
2012; 45
2012; 42
2017; 119
2013; 29
2019; 50
2013; 27
2013; 22
2019; 55
2008; 307
2010; 144
2008; 305
2008; 7
2008; 8
2008; 303
2016; 224
1992; 99
2014; 174
2017; 114
2014; 175
2017; 356
1970; 5
2017; 358
2014; 65
2013; 19
1991; 47
2013; 17
2013; 16
2013; 11
2013; 10
2019; 65
1991; 41
2008; 319
2010; 152
2014; 57
2018b; 32
2008; 310
2012; 213
2017; 122
2014; 166
2017; 126
2004; 85
2005; 270
2005; 271
2013; 48
2005; 272
2005; 273
2004; 82
2015; 93
2005; 276
2005; 278
1993; 81
2013; 45
1993; 88
2013; 40
1985; 229
2008; 321
2001; 129
2001; 126
1992; 73
2001; 127
2017; 109
2004; 96
1992; 70
2007a; 301
2013; 36
1994; 128
2004; 93
2013; 33
2013; 32
1994; 120
2014; 78
2017; 105
2017; 106
2017; 107
2015; 79
2004; 164
2000; 89
2013b; 372
2000; 87
2004; 163
2015a; 24
2004; 162
2001b; 236
2004; 161
2000; 85
2014; 25
2014; 24
2014; 29
2014; 28
2014; 374
2012; 488
2014; 375
1966; 55
2016a; 7
1994; 65
2018; 6
2018; 9
2018; 8
2018; 2
2018; 4
2015; 83
1993; 33
2015; 88
2014; 16
2015; 91
2014; 12
1994; 74
2014; 11
2014; 10
2014; 123
1994; 75
2012c; 39
2004; 141
2000; 65
2015; 52
2014; 49
2019; 223
2019; 224
1994; 82
2019; 221
2014; 45
2019; 222
2020; 2020
2002; 240
2015; 66
1994; 99
2000; 81
2014; 36
2014; 380
2014; 385
2014; 383
2014; 34
2014; 147
1995; 75
2015; 35
2015; 34
2001; 93
2015; 38
2000; 48
1967; 65
1980; 84
2015; 30
1997; 111
1995; 76
2000; 51
2015b; 26
1994; 25
2016; 71
1994; 26
1992; 15
1997; 102
1982; 5
2016; 80
2016; 88
1997; 135
1997; 136
2015; 18
2000; 23
2016; 404
2015; 11
2012b; 100
2006; 9
2015; 10
1994; 45
2006; 6
2017; 174
2014; 111
2004; 106
2014; 114
2001; 63
1994; 40
2016; 57
2014; 113
2015; 24
2015; 26
2001; 82
2015; 25
1995; 83
2017; 90
2013b; 101
2015; 29
2000; 32
2015; 20
2017; 98
2015; 21
2017; 185
1966; 41
2016; 67
2014; 102
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Snippet In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many...
Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face...
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SubjectTerms BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
below-ground ecology
Classification
Cleaning
Community Resources
Context
Databases, Factual
dissection
Ecological function
Ecologists
Ecology
Ecophysiology
Ecosystem
Ecosystem studies
Ecosystems
Environmental impact
Environmental Sciences
Experts
fine roots
Forum
handbook
metadata
Phenotype
plant root functions
Plant roots
Plants
protocol
root classification
root ecology
root traits
Roots
Specificity
Storage
trait measurements
Subtitle strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements
Title A starting guide to root ecology
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/27111933
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fnph.17572
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34608637
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2579018764
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2579379487
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2636753199
https://hal.science/hal-03379708
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1827055
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8518129
Volume 232
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