An architectural understanding of natural sway frequencies in trees

The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping pr...

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Published inJournal of the Royal Society interface Vol. 16; no. 155; p. 20190116
Main Authors Jackson, T., Shenkin, A., Moore, J., Bunce, A., van Emmerik, T., Kane, B., Burcham, D., James, K., Selker, J., Calders, K., Origo, N., Disney, M., Burt, A., Wilkes, P., Raumonen, P., Gonzalez de Tanago Menaca, J., Lau, A., Herold, M., Goodman, R. C., Fourcaud, T., Malhi, Y.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England the Royal Society 01.06.2019
The Royal Society
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Abstract The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.
AbstractList The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.
The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.
The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a long-standing debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.
Author Kane, B.
Origo, N.
Lau, A.
Herold, M.
Selker, J.
Calders, K.
Moore, J.
Raumonen, P.
Burt, A.
Bunce, A.
Wilkes, P.
Gonzalez de Tanago Menaca, J.
Shenkin, A.
Fourcaud, T.
Disney, M.
Goodman, R. C.
James, K.
van Emmerik, T.
Burcham, D.
Jackson, T.
Malhi, Y.
AuthorAffiliation 1 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QY , UK
12 Department of Geography, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK
4 Water Resources Section, Delft University of Technology , Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft , The Netherlands
5 Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands
18 AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD , Montpellier , France
3 Department of Natural Resources, University of Connecticut , Mansfield, CT 06269 , USA
17 Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå , Sweden
11 Earth Observation, Climate and Optical Group, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW , UK
16 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) , PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000 , Indonesia
2 Scion , 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3010 , New Zealand
7 Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology ,
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Wageningen University & Research
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Keywords terrestrial laser scanning
tree architecture
natural frequencies
finite-element analysis
fundamental frequency
wind damage
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e_1_3_6_27_2
e_1_3_6_48_2
e_1_3_6_29_2
e_1_3_6_23_2
e_1_3_6_44_2
e_1_3_6_25_2
e_1_3_6_46_2
e_1_3_6_31_2
e_1_3_6_10_2
e_1_3_6_50_2
e_1_3_6_14_2
e_1_3_6_37_2
e_1_3_6_12_2
e_1_3_6_39_2
e_1_3_6_18_2
e_1_3_6_33_2
e_1_3_6_16_2
e_1_3_6_35_2
e_1_3_6_41_2
e_1_3_6_20_2
e_1_3_6_43_2
e_1_3_6_5_2
e_1_3_6_9_2
e_1_3_6_7_2
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Snippet The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning...
The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a long-standing debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning...
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SubjectTerms Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Ecology
Botanics
Ecology, environment
Ecosystems
Environmental Sciences
Forest Science
Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management
Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en remote sensing
Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing
Leerstoelgroep Hydrologie en kwantitatief waterbeheer
Life Sciences
Life Sciences–Physics interface
PE&RC
Skogsvetenskap
Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Vegetal Biology
Title An architectural understanding of natural sway frequencies in trees
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164076
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https://res.slu.se/id/publ/101007
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Volume 16
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