Coinfection with different Trypanosoma cruzi strains interferes with the host immune response to infection
A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite fact...
Saved in:
| Published in | PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 4; no. 10; p. e846 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
12.10.2010
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3(+) and CD4(+) T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3(+) and CD4(+) T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice. A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-a, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-g) similar to those found among naieve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3+ and CD4+ T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice. Chagas disease, a life-long parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, was discovered a century ago by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, and remains one of the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting 13 million people in Latin America. Disease is characterized by distinct clinical courses, varying from asymptomatic to severe forms with damage to heart and/or gastrointestinal tract. The causes of the different clinical manifestations are not completely understood, but they certainly involve both parasite and host features. In this study, the authors analyzed immune response of BALB/c mice to infection with two different T. cruzi populations. One of them (JG) caused low parasitism and low levels of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with no clinical manifestation of the disease. The other (CL Brener) caused severe disease, high mortality and high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. The coinfection, however, triggered singular regulatory immune mechanism(s) that attenuated damage caused by inflammation and disease severity that are typical of the single infection with CL Brener. As mixed infection is naturally found in patients in endemic areas, these results can explain, at least in part, the complexity of the immune responses and consequently the various clinical manifestations of the disease. A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3 + and CD4 + T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice. Chagas disease, a life-long parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , was discovered a century ago by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, and remains one of the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting 13 million people in Latin America. Disease is characterized by distinct clinical courses, varying from asymptomatic to severe forms with damage to heart and/or gastrointestinal tract. The causes of the different clinical manifestations are not completely understood, but they certainly involve both parasite and host features. In this study, the authors analyzed immune response of BALB/c mice to infection with two different T. cruzi populations. One of them (JG) caused low parasitism and low levels of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with no clinical manifestation of the disease. The other (CL Brener) caused severe disease, high mortality and high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. The coinfection, however, triggered singular regulatory immune mechanism(s) that attenuated damage caused by inflammation and disease severity that are typical of the single infection with CL Brener. As mixed infection is naturally found in patients in endemic areas, these results can explain, at least in part, the complexity of the immune responses and consequently the various clinical manifestations of the disease. A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3+ and CD4+ T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice. |
| Author | Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis Valadares, Helder Magno Silva Araujo, Márcio Sobreira Silva Faria, Ana Maria Caetano Rodrigues, Claudiney Melquíades Macedo, Andréa Mara Francisco, Amanda Fortes Pena, Sérgio Danilo Junho Arantes, Jerusa Marilda Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa Arantes, Rosa Maria Esteves Chiari, Egler Machado, Carlos Renato Campos, Camila França Franco, Glória Regina |
| AuthorAffiliation | René Rachou Research Center, Brazil 4 Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 3 Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 5 Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 2 Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil – name: René Rachou Research Center, Brazil – name: 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil – name: 5 Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil – name: 4 Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil – name: 3 Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Claudiney Melquíades surname: Rodrigues fullname: Rodrigues, Claudiney Melquíades organization: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Helder Magno Silva surname: Valadares fullname: Valadares, Helder Magno Silva – sequence: 3 givenname: Amanda Fortes surname: Francisco fullname: Francisco, Amanda Fortes – sequence: 4 givenname: Jerusa Marilda surname: Arantes fullname: Arantes, Jerusa Marilda – sequence: 5 givenname: Camila França surname: Campos fullname: Campos, Camila França – sequence: 6 givenname: Andréa surname: Teixeira-Carvalho fullname: Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa – sequence: 7 givenname: Olindo Assis surname: Martins-Filho fullname: Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis – sequence: 8 givenname: Márcio Sobreira Silva surname: Araujo fullname: Araujo, Márcio Sobreira Silva – sequence: 9 givenname: Rosa Maria Esteves surname: Arantes fullname: Arantes, Rosa Maria Esteves – sequence: 10 givenname: Egler surname: Chiari fullname: Chiari, Egler – sequence: 11 givenname: Glória Regina surname: Franco fullname: Franco, Glória Regina – sequence: 12 givenname: Carlos Renato surname: Machado fullname: Machado, Carlos Renato – sequence: 13 givenname: Sérgio Danilo Junho surname: Pena fullname: Pena, Sérgio Danilo Junho – sequence: 14 givenname: Ana Maria Caetano surname: Faria fullname: Faria, Ana Maria Caetano – sequence: 15 givenname: Andréa Mara surname: Macedo fullname: Macedo, Andréa Mara |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNptkktvEzEUhS1URB_wDxBYYsEqYfz2bJBQVKBSJTZlbTn2ncbRjB1sT1H59Z2QadQivLHle87ne61zjk5iioDQW9IsCVPk0zaNOdp-uYvVL5tpaS5foDPSMrGgiomTJ-dTdF7KtmlEKzR5hU5p00pFdXuGtqsUYgeuhhTx71A32Ieugwyx4pt8v7MxlTRY7PL4J-BSsw2x4BAr5L2qHDx1A3iTSsVhGMYIeCrsUiyAa8JH_Gv0srN9gTfzfoF-fr28WX1fXP_4drX6cr1wQqi6YFp6JbXtpCPaWSrXQnDqBQHaaUEJ8SC0kJpZUEow6zkT1ilmrZLUrwm7QO8P3F2fipm_qRhCtSZkorNJcXVQ-GS3ZpfDYPO9STaYvxcp3xqba3A9mFaA9FZ7gDXnrmOtbLSGVnXWMa4cn1if59fG9QDeTR-Xbf8M-rwSw8bcpjtDW8G43jfzcQbk9GuEUs0QioO-txHSWIyWvBWCqnZSfvhH-f_h-EHlciolQ3fshTRmn5xHl9knx8zJmWzvns5xND1GhT0AG-TGRg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0005790 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0137788 crossref_primary_10_4269_ajtmh_15_0218 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12020171 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biosystems_2018_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijppaw_2013_03_001 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_595829 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_04236_22 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2020_01031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbadis_2015_10_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clim_2021_108913 crossref_primary_10_1021_jm400902y crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0119866 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exppara_2020_107931 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pt_2014_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imbio_2014_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_3024_2011_01286_x crossref_primary_10_1590_S0100_879X2011007500005 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_015_0730_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1342431 crossref_primary_10_1590_S0074_02762011000800009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cytogfr_2021_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_parint_2014_09_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actatropica_2021_106021 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_0c00061 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0002998 crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_0500_6_174 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molbiopara_2018_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1111_mmi_12155 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2018_02741 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1574_695X_2012_00931_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0091640 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00436_013_3665_z crossref_primary_10_1111_cmi_12297 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3776 10.1038/nri2038 10.2478/s11686-007-0005-4 10.4049/jimmunol.151.12.7038 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020024 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f88b80 10.1590/S0074-02762009000700021 10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00333-6 10.1590/S0074-02762009000900027 10.1016/S0014-4894(03)00119-X 10.1189/jlb.0309187 10.1086/596061 10.1016/S0166-6851(99)90035-X 10.1038/nri1978 10.1128/AAC.01590-06 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.01.004 10.1590/S0074-02762004000100001 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.08.009 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.005 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02755-7 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90116-0 10.1016/j.coi.2007.06.003 10.1006/expr.1996.0109 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.015 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01874.x 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00999.x 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5283-5291.2004 10.1371/journal.pone.0005113 10.1038/nrmicro1249 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.017 10.1128/IAI.36.2.637-644.1982 10.1128/IAI.68.7.4075-4083.2000 10.1086/503368 10.1016/S0014-4894(02)00024-3 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65052-3 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2010 Rodrigues et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Rodrigues CM, Valadares HMS, Francisco AF, Arantes JM, Campos CF, et al. (2010) Coinfection with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Interferes with the Host Immune Response to Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(10): e846. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000846 Rodrigues et al. 2010 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2010 Rodrigues et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Rodrigues CM, Valadares HMS, Francisco AF, Arantes JM, Campos CF, et al. (2010) Coinfection with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Interferes with the Host Immune Response to Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(10): e846. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000846 – notice: Rodrigues et al. 2010 |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7QL 7SS 7T2 7T7 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FD 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W FR3 FYUFA GHDGH H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M0S M1P M7N P64 PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7T5 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000846 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive) Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Public Health Database Technology Research Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Immunology Abstracts PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Technology Research Database ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Health & Safety Science Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) Immunology Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: BENPR name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | T. cruzi Variability and Host Immune Response |
| EISSN | 1935-2735 |
| Editor | Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo |
| Editor_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Rodrigo surname: Correa-Oliveira fullname: Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo |
| ExternalDocumentID | 1288113863 oai_doaj_org_article_95e6da8deeb44cf396088e97fac347c4 2893338531 10_1371_journal_pntd_0000846 20967289 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Brazil Brazil, Minas Gerais Latin America |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Brazil – name: Latin America – name: Brazil, Minas Gerais |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 3V. 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACPRK ADBBV ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AFKRA AFRAH AHMBA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CGR CS3 CUY CVF DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD ECGQY ECM EIF EMOBN ESX F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR IPNFZ KQ8 M1P M48 M~E NPM O5R O5S OK1 P2P PGMZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RIG RNS RPM SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP AAYXX AFPKN CITATION 7QL 7SS 7T2 7T7 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO F1W FR3 H94 H95 H97 K9. L.G M7N P64 PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7T5 5PM AAPBV ABPTK |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c557t-386d768af6c18ca26b5542d51e2f85211de585683ae7753ad435ac73aa762db13 |
| IEDL.DBID | RPM |
| ISSN | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| IngestDate | Sun Oct 01 00:20:32 EDT 2023 Tue Oct 22 15:14:21 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 20:52:33 EDT 2024 Sat Oct 26 00:17:05 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 17:54:54 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 12 17:30:30 EDT 2024 Tue Oct 15 23:36:29 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 10 |
| Keywords | Chagas Disease Animals Cytokines Survival Analysis Myocardium Male CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Parasitemia Disease Models, Animal Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c557t-386d768af6c18ca26b5542d51e2f85211de585683ae7753ad435ac73aa762db13 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: CMR HMSV ATC OAMF EC GRF CRM SDJP AMCF AMM. Performed the experiments: CMR HMSV AFF JMA CFC ATC MSSA. Analyzed the data: CMR HMSV ATC OAMF MSSA RMEA AMCF AMM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ATC OAMF RMEA EC GRF CRM SDJP AMCF AMM. Wrote the paper: CMR HMSV AFF JMA ATC OAMF MSSA RMEA EC SDJP AMCF AMM. |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953483/ |
| PMID | 20967289 |
| PQID | 1288113863 |
| PQPubID | 1436337 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_1288113863 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_95e6da8deeb44cf396088e97fac347c4 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2953483 proquest_miscellaneous_864955279 proquest_journals_1288113863 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0000846 pubmed_primary_20967289 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20101012 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2010-10-12 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2010 text: 20101012 day: 12 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, USA |
| PublicationTitle | PLoS neglected tropical diseases |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS Negl Trop Dis |
| PublicationYear | 2010 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | 17110955 - Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Dec;6(12):895-906 8258708 - J Immunol. 1993 Dec 15;151(12):7038-47 19735663 - Int J Parasitol. 2010 Jan;40(1):101-8 6806192 - Infect Immun. 1982 May;36(2):637-44 12128054 - Exp Parasitol. 2002 Apr;100(4):269-75 19211152 - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2009 Jul 15;130(1-2):43-52 19337367 - PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5113 17318230 - Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Mar;7(3):179-90 10817635 - Microbes Infect. 2000 Apr;2(4):347-52 16619187 - J Infect Dis. 2006 May 15;193(10):1394-9 3901937 - Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1985;65 Suppl 1:59-61 9027747 - Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996 Dec 20;83(2):141-52 14015230 - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1962 Nov-Dec;4:389-96 17544510 - Mol Immunol. 2008 Jan;45(1):283-8 17638698 - Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Sep;51(9):3282-9 19753476 - Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Jul;104 Suppl 1:208-18 20153511 - Hum Pathol. 2010 Apr;41(4):610-3 8817602 - Parasite Immunol. 1995 Nov;17(11):561-8 10858224 - Infect Immun. 2000 Jul;68(7):4075-83 10793092 - Am J Pathol. 2000 May;156(5):1805-9 16609729 - PLoS Pathog. 2006 Mar;2(3):e24 15057339 - Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Feb;99(1):1-12 12067296 - Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Jun;128(3):421-8 9520443 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 31;95(7):3776-80 15322024 - Infect Immun. 2004 Sep;72(9):5283-91 18448974 - Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun;21(3):287-92 8932773 - Exp Parasitol. 1996 Nov;84(2):231-44 18154957 - Int J Parasitol. 2008 Jun;38(7):839-50 19099482 - J Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 1;199(3):451-4 12932760 - Exp Parasitol. 2003 May-Jun;104(1-2):54-61 10391378 - Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999 May 25;100(2):163-72 20027478 - Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Nov;104(7):1051-4 16175174 - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Oct;3(10):819-23 19641038 - J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Nov;86(5):1239-46 17651955 - Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Aug;19(4):430-4 3583501 - Int J Immunopharmacol. 1987;9(1):107-13 FL Spitzner (ref12) 2007; 52 LO Andrade (ref4) 2002; 100 R Ramasawmy (ref10) 2006; 193 JCP Dias (ref2) 1992 JM de Freitas (ref22) 2006; 2 (ref1) 2007 WO Dutra (ref6) 2008; 21 C Holscher (ref34) 2000; 68 JM Freitas (ref9) 2009; 4 R Ramasawmy (ref17) 2008; 45 LO Andrade (ref30) 2005; 3 RT Gazzinelli (ref31) 2006; 6 B Zingales (ref18) 2009; 104 PE Souza (ref16) 2004; 72 MJ Taylor (ref24) 1987; 9 HR Martins (ref27) 2007; 51 PM Guedes (ref37) 2009; 130 DJ Franco (ref8) 2003; 104 Z Brener (ref23) 1962; 4 R Wrightsman (ref28) 1982; 36 WO Dutra (ref7) 2009; 104 LO Andrade (ref3) 1999; 100 C Truyens (ref35) 1995; 17 RP Souto (ref21) 1996; 83 M Tibayrenc (ref13) 1985; 65 GC Costa (ref5) 2009; 199 AM Macedo (ref11) 2004; 99 IA Abrahamsohn (ref36) 1996; 84 RP Oliveira (ref19) 1998; 95 JC Mantilla (ref15) 2010; 41 DF Hoft (ref25) 1993; 151 E Roggero (ref26) 2002; 128 RL Tarleton (ref32) 2007; 19 MC Marcondes (ref29) 2000; 2 CN Paiva (ref39) 2009; 86 G Trinchieri (ref33) 2007; 7 AR Vago (ref14) 2000; 156 HM Valadares (ref20) 2008; 38 M Niikura (ref38) 2010; 40 |
| References_xml | – volume: 95 start-page: 3776 year: 1998 ident: ref19 article-title: Probing the genetic population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi with polymorphic microsatellites. publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3776 contributor: fullname: RP Oliveira – volume: 7 start-page: 179 year: 2007 ident: ref33 article-title: Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/nri2038 contributor: fullname: G Trinchieri – volume: 52 start-page: 74 year: 2007 ident: ref12 article-title: Trypanosoma cruzi-triatomine associations and the presence of mixed infections in single triatomine bugs in Paraná state, Brazil. publication-title: Acta Parasitologica doi: 10.2478/s11686-007-0005-4 contributor: fullname: FL Spitzner – volume: 151 start-page: 7038 year: 1993 ident: ref25 article-title: Kinetic analysis of antigen-specific immune responses in resistant and susceptible mice during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.12.7038 contributor: fullname: DF Hoft – volume: 2 start-page: e24 year: 2006 ident: ref22 article-title: Ancestral genomes, sex, and the population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: PLoS Pathog doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020024 contributor: fullname: JM de Freitas – volume: 21 start-page: 287 year: 2008 ident: ref6 article-title: Current concepts in immunoregulation and pathology of human Chagas disease. publication-title: Curr Opin Infect Dis doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f88b80 contributor: fullname: WO Dutra – volume: 104 start-page: 1051 year: 2009 ident: ref18 article-title: A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI. publication-title: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000700021 contributor: fullname: B Zingales – volume: 2 start-page: 347 year: 2000 ident: ref29 article-title: Acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and bone marrow hypoplasia: reversal by nifurtimox treatment. publication-title: Microbes Infect doi: 10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00333-6 contributor: fullname: MC Marcondes – volume: 104 start-page: 208 year: 2009 ident: ref7 article-title: Cellular and genetic mechanisms involved in the generation of protective and pathogenic immune responses in human Chagas disease. publication-title: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000900027 contributor: fullname: WO Dutra – volume: 104 start-page: 54 year: 2003 ident: ref8 article-title: Trypanosoma cruzi: mixture of two populations can modify virulence and tissue tropism in rat. publication-title: Exp Parasitol doi: 10.1016/S0014-4894(03)00119-X contributor: fullname: DJ Franco – volume: 86 start-page: 1239 year: 2009 ident: ref39 article-title: CCL2/MCP-1 controls parasite burden, cell infiltration, and mononuclear activation during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. publication-title: J Leukoc Biol doi: 10.1189/jlb.0309187 contributor: fullname: CN Paiva – volume: 199 start-page: 451 year: 2009 ident: ref5 article-title: Functional IL-10 gene polymorphism is associated with Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/596061 contributor: fullname: GC Costa – volume: 100 start-page: 163 year: 1999 ident: ref3 article-title: Differential tissue distribution of diverse clones of Trypanosoma cruzi in infected mice. publication-title: Mol Biochem Parasitol doi: 10.1016/S0166-6851(99)90035-X contributor: fullname: LO Andrade – volume: 6 start-page: 895 year: 2006 ident: ref31 article-title: Protozoan encounters with Toll-like receptor signalling pathways: implications for host parasitism. publication-title: Nat Rev Immunol doi: 10.1038/nri1978 contributor: fullname: RT Gazzinelli – volume: 51 start-page: 3282 year: 2007 ident: ref27 article-title: Impact of dual infections on chemotherapeutic efficacy in BALB/c mice infected with major genotypes of Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: Antimicrob Agents Chemother doi: 10.1128/AAC.01590-06 contributor: fullname: HR Martins – volume: 130 start-page: 43 year: 2009 ident: ref37 article-title: Development of chronic cardiomyopathy in canine Chagas disease correlates with high IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and low IL-10 production during the acute infection phase. publication-title: Vet Immunol Immunopathol doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.01.004 contributor: fullname: PM Guedes – volume: 99 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: ref11 article-title: Trypanosoma cruzi: genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. publication-title: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762004000100001 contributor: fullname: AM Macedo – volume: 40 start-page: 101 year: 2010 ident: ref38 article-title: IL-10 plays a crucial role for the protection of experimental cerebral malaria by co-infection with non-lethal malaria parasites. publication-title: Int J Parasitol doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.08.009 contributor: fullname: M Niikura – volume: 41 start-page: 610 year: 2010 ident: ref15 article-title: Mixed infection of Trypanosoma cruzi I and II in a Colombian cardiomyopathic patient. publication-title: Hum Pathol doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.005 contributor: fullname: JC Mantilla – volume: 83 start-page: 141 year: 1996 ident: ref21 article-title: DNA markers define two major phylogenetic lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: Mol Biochem Parasitol doi: 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02755-7 contributor: fullname: RP Souto – volume: 4 start-page: 389 year: 1962 ident: ref23 article-title: Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure on mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo contributor: fullname: Z Brener – start-page: 49 year: 1992 ident: ref2 article-title: Epidemiology of Chagas' disease. contributor: fullname: JCP Dias – volume: 9 start-page: 107 year: 1987 ident: ref24 article-title: Dose and time related effects of T-2 toxin on mitogenic response of murine splenic cells in vitro. publication-title: Int J Immunopharmacol doi: 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90116-0 contributor: fullname: MJ Taylor – volume: 19 start-page: 430 year: 2007 ident: ref32 article-title: Immune system recognition of Trypanosoma cruzi. publication-title: Curr Opin Immunol doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.06.003 contributor: fullname: RL Tarleton – volume: 84 start-page: 231 year: 1996 ident: ref36 article-title: Trypanosoma cruzi: IL-10, TNF, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 regulate innate and acquired immunity to infection. publication-title: Exp Parasitol doi: 10.1006/expr.1996.0109 contributor: fullname: IA Abrahamsohn – volume: 45 start-page: 283 year: 2008 ident: ref17 article-title: Variants in the promoter region of IKBL/NFKBIL1 gene may mark susceptibility to the development of chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy among Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals. publication-title: Mol Immunol doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.015 contributor: fullname: R Ramasawmy – volume: 128 start-page: 421 year: 2002 ident: ref26 article-title: Differential susceptibility to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice is not associated with a distinct parasite load but cytokine abnormalities. publication-title: Clin Exp Immunol doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01874.x contributor: fullname: E Roggero – volume: 17 start-page: 561 year: 1995 ident: ref35 article-title: The cachexia associated with Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection in mice is attenuated by anti-TNF-alpha, but not by anti-IL-6 or anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. publication-title: Parasite Immunol doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00999.x contributor: fullname: C Truyens – volume: 72 start-page: 5283 year: 2004 ident: ref16 article-title: Monocytes from patients with indeterminate and cardiac forms of Chagas' disease display distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics associated with morbidity. publication-title: Infect Immun doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.9.5283-5291.2004 contributor: fullname: PE Souza – volume: 4 start-page: e5113 year: 2009 ident: ref9 article-title: The MHC gene region of murine hosts influences the differential tissue tropism of infecting Trypanosoma cruzi strains. publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005113 contributor: fullname: JM Freitas – volume: 3 start-page: 819 year: 2005 ident: ref30 article-title: The Trypanosoma cruzi-host-cell interplay: location, invasion, retention. publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1249 contributor: fullname: LO Andrade – volume: 38 start-page: 839 year: 2008 ident: ref20 article-title: Genetic profiling of Trypanosoma cruzi directly in infected tissues using nested PCR of polymorphic microsatellites. publication-title: Int J Parasitol doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.017 contributor: fullname: HM Valadares – volume: 36 start-page: 637 year: 1982 ident: ref28 article-title: Genetic control of responses to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice: multiple genes influencing parasitemia and survival. publication-title: Infect Immun doi: 10.1128/IAI.36.2.637-644.1982 contributor: fullname: R Wrightsman – volume: 68 start-page: 4075 year: 2000 ident: ref34 article-title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated toxic shock in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected interleukin 10-deficient mice. publication-title: Infect Immun doi: 10.1128/IAI.68.7.4075-4083.2000 contributor: fullname: C Holscher – volume: 193 start-page: 1394 year: 2006 ident: ref10 article-title: BAT1, a putative anti-inflammatory gene, is associated with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/503368 contributor: fullname: R Ramasawmy – volume: 65 start-page: 59 year: 1985 ident: ref13 article-title: Isozymic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi: biological and epidemiological significance. publication-title: Ann Soc Belg Med Trop contributor: fullname: M Tibayrenc – year: 2007 ident: ref1 article-title: Global Plan to Combat Neglected Diseases 2008–2015. – volume: 100 start-page: 269 year: 2002 ident: ref4 article-title: Trypanosoma cruzi: role of host genetic background in the differential tissue distribution of parasite clonal populations. publication-title: Exp Parasitol doi: 10.1016/S0014-4894(02)00024-3 contributor: fullname: LO Andrade – volume: 156 start-page: 1805 year: 2000 ident: ref14 article-title: Genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi directly from tissues of patients with chronic Chagas disease: differential distribution of genetic types into diverse organs. publication-title: Am J Pathol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65052-3 contributor: fullname: AR Vago |
| SSID | ssj0059581 |
| Score | 2.180423 |
| Snippet | A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to... A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to... A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to... |
| SourceID | plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | e846 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Asymptomatic CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Chagas disease Chagas Disease - immunology Chagas Disease - mortality Chagas Disease - pathology Cloning Cytokines - blood Disease Models, Animal Esophagus Heart Immunology/Immunity to Infections Immunology/Immunomodulation Infections Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases Infectious Diseases/Protozoal Infections Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Molecular Biology Mortality Myocarditis Myocardium - pathology Parasitemia Parasites Parasitic diseases Pathogenesis Pathology/Molecular Pathology Protozoa Public Health and Epidemiology/Infectious Diseases Survival Analysis Tropical diseases Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma cruzi - immunology Trypanosoma cruzi - pathogenicity |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6hHiouiPJqoFQ-cA1dx3bsHEtFVSHBqZV6i_wUiyCpkuyh_HrGdrLaRZV66TV2HvbYnu-Lx98AfFJG88YZWRpb8yiqbUqFzKMMDGmco9Rwn6ItftRXN_zbrbjdSfUVY8KyPHDuuLNG-Npp5bw3nNvAEHEr5RsZtGVc2qwEumoWMpXXYNEIReeDckzSs9kun--6ySXFQhUB744jSnr9Ud_0dz8-hDX_D5nc8UGXL-HFDB7Jef7oI3jmu1dw-H3eHn8Nvy76JbiqI_EPK1nyn0zkerjHid-P_R9N7LD5uyZjSg8xkqgYMcRaY74HISGJZz_IOp4d8WTIYbSeTD3ZPv4N3Fx-vb64KudkCqUVQk4lU7VDaqFDbamyuqoNAonKCeqroNCHU-eROdSKaS-RwmiHOEpbybTG5dIZyt7CQdd3_hiICzwgjrOiMZS7KmhmPNVCViuxCoG5AsqlZ9u7rJnRpo0ziVwj91QbLdHOlijgS-z-bd2oeJ0u4Dho53HQPjYOCjiOxlteMLboeBWl2GxWwMli0IeLybYY51bcMNGd7zdjq2qkj6KSTQHvsvm331gh9ZNIVguQewNjrxH7Jd36Z5LvrhrBuGLvn6LVH-B5CmdIITYncDANG_8RUdJkTtOE-Ac8nhXP priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagSIgL4t1AQT5wDV2_YueEoFAtSHCAVtpb5CcUQbxssgf49YwdZ-miimvsvDz2-PtmxjMIPVdG89YZWRvb8JRU29QKmEcdGNA4R4jhPkdbfGyW5_z9SqyKwW0oYZWzTsyK2kWbbOTHoEcVIUw17OX6Z52qRiXvaimhcR3dIHTRpJAuudoRLtGKXKQUMEo6d0VlOTrHJDkuknqx7keXcxiqBIEvbU05g3_KePo9Dlehz3-DKC_tSqd30O0CJ_GrSf530TXf30M3PxSH-X307STO4VY9TjZX_KZURBnx2eYXqII4xB8a28329wX-nAtGDDibCVOvYboHQCJexmHE79JpEo8_TYG1Ho8R-pbHP0Dnp2_PTpZ1Ka9QWyHkWMNYOiAbOjSWKKtpYwBaUCeIp0HBrk6cBy7RKKa9BFKjHSArbSXTGhSoM4Q9RAd97P0hwi7wAMjOitYQ7mjQzHiihaQLsQiBuQrV88h26ymLRpddaRLYxzRSXZJEVyRRoddp-Hd9Uw7sfCFuvnRlSXWt8I3TynlvOLeBARdTyrcyaMu4tLxCh0l48wuG7u8UqtDRLNCrm_GuGVZbcqHo3sft0KkGCKWgsq3Qo0n8u2-kQAYl0NcKyb2JsfcT-y39xdec0Ju2gnHFHv__q56gWzl0IYfTHKGDcbP1TwERjeZZnvZ_AE2EDTs priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6VIiEuiHcDBfnANVUd27FzqBBUVBUSnLpSb5GfsKgkbZKVaH89Y-chFi03rnGcxDO2Z77M-BuAd8poXjkjc2NLHkm1Ta4QeeSBIYxzlBruU7bF1_J8xT9fiss9mGu2TgLsd0K7WE9q1V0d_bq5fY8L_iRVbZB07nR03Qwu8RGiTb0H9wuOWD0m8_ElriAqoeh0gO5fPbcMVOLxj7ynV22_ywf9O5XyD9t09hgeTU4l-TDOgiew55un8ODLFDZ_Bj9O2znpqiHxzyuZ66IM5KK7xQ2h7dufmthuc7cmfSob0ZPIJNHFu_qxD7qKJJ4JIet4psSTbkyv9WRoyfL457A6-3Rxep5PRRZyK4QccqZKh5BDh9JSZXVRGnQwCieoL4JC206dR0RRKqa9RGijHfpX2kqmNW6jzlD2AvabtvEHQFzgAf07KypDuSuCZsZTLWRxLI5DYC6DfJZsfT1yadQpoCYRg4ySqqMm6kkTGXyM4l_ujUzY6ULbfaunhVVXwpdOK-e94dwGhohMKV_JoC3j0vIMDqLy5hf0NRpkRSkOm2VwOCt0dzNZmnHNxUCKbny76WtVIqwUhawyeDmqf_nGAiGhRBCbgdyaGFuD2G5p1t8TrXdRCcYVe_U_Rv0aHqY0h5R6cwj7Q7fxb9B7GszbtCB-A-00H5c priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
| Title | Coinfection with different Trypanosoma cruzi strains interferes with the host immune response to infection |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967289 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1288113863 https://search.proquest.com/docview/864955279 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2953483 https://doaj.org/article/95e6da8deeb44cf396088e97fac347c4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000846 |
| Volume | 4 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07b9swECaSFCi6FH1HbWpw6Co7FEmRGhs3gVvAQZAmgDeBz9ZFLBmWPDS_PkdKMuIiUxcNIiVRvCPvPvLjHUJfpFassFqk2uQsBNXWqQTkkXoKMM4SopmLbIvLfHbLfiz44gDx4SxMJO0bvRxXd6txtfwduZXrlZkMPLHJ1XyaFZwySSeH6BAUdIDo3fTLCx4zk4JjEg5bZaI_L0cFmfTiGa-r1sbAhWB8QzRgcONFFhK9PzJNMYJ_iHh6VzdPeZ__kigfWaWLV-hl707ir12zX6MDV71Bz-f9hvlb9GdaD3SrCoc1V_ytz4jS4pvNX5gK6qZeKWw22_sl_hkTRjQ4LhOGWk33DDiJeFY3Lf4eTpM4fN0Rax1ua6jbv_4dur04v5nO0j69Qmo4F21KZW4BbCifGyKNynINrkVmOXGZl2DViXWAJXJJlRMAapQFz0oZQZWCCdRqQt-jo6qu3DHC1jMPnp3hhSbMZl5R7YjiIjvlp95Tm6B06Nly3UXRKONWmgD00fVUGYRS9kJJ0Fno_l3dEAM73qg3v8peE8qCu9wqaZ3TjBlPAYtJ6QrhlaFMGJag4yC84QNNCaZYEgK_TRN0Mgj06WK8K4bRFrZQVOXqbVPKHAAlz0SRoA-d-HdtHLQoQWJPMfZ-Yr8E9DsG9O71-eN_P_kJvYishsi0OUFH7WbrPoOz1OoRDJGFgKuckhF6dnZ-eXU9igsPcJ0zOYqD5wHQSRte |
| link.rule.ids | 230,315,730,783,787,867,888,2109,2228,12068,12235,21400,24330,27936,27937,31731,31732,33278,33279,33756,33757,43322,43591,43817,53804,53806,74073,74342,74630 |
| linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagSMAF8W6ggA9cQ-vYjp0TgoVqC20PsJV6i_yEIoiXTfYAv56x4yxdVHGNndeMZzzfzHgGoZdSK9ZYLUptahaLautSAvIoPQUYZwnRzKVsi9N6fsY-nPPz7HDrc1rlpBOTorbBRB_5PuhRSQiVNX29_FnGrlExuppbaFxHN2Dbb6JgytkmxYM3PDUpBRslnruqRD46RwXZz5x6tewGm2oYymgCX9qaUgX_WPH0e-ivsj7_TaK8tCsd3kV3sjmJ34z8v4euue4-unmSA-YP0LdZmNKtOhx9rvhd7ogy4MXqF6iC0IcfCpvV-vcF_pwaRvQ4uQnjrH68B4xEPA_9gI_iaRKHP42JtQ4PAebmxz9EZ4fvF7N5mdsrlIZzMZRASwtgQ_naEGlUVWswLSrLiau8hF2dWAdYopZUOQGgRlkgsTKCKgUK1GpCH6GdLnRuF2HrmQfLzvBGE2Yrr6h2RHFRHfAD76ktUDlRtl2OVTTaFEoTgD5GSrWRE23mRIHeRvJv5sYa2OlCWH1ps0i1DXe1VdI6pxkzngIWk9I1witDmTCsQLuRedML-vbvEirQ3sTQq4fxZhikLYZQVOfCum9lDYCSV6Ip0OOR_ZtvrAAMCoCvBRJbC2PrJ7ZHuouvqaB31XDKJH3y_696gW7NFyfH7fHR6cen6HZKY0ipNXtoZ1it3TOwjgb9PInAH880D_Y |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELagSBWXincXCvjAdUm9ttfeE4KWKOVRIWil3FZ-QhFdh-zmAL-esdcJDaq4xk6y6xmPv8_-PIPQC6kVa6wWpTY1i0m1dSmBeZSeAo2zhGjmktritJ6ds3dzPs_6pz7LKtcxMQVqG0zcI59AHJWEUFnTic-yiE_H01eLn2WsIBVPWnM5jZvolgCWEn1ezDfkizc8FSwFvBLvYFUiX6Ojgkyy1V4uusGmfIYywuEry1TK5h-zn_4I_XVI9F9B5ZUVanoH7WVoiV-PvnAX3XDdPbT7MR-e30ffj8JaetXhuP-Kj3N1lAGfLX9BWAh9uFTYLFe_L_CXVDyix2nLMPbqx-8AYMSz0A_4JN4scfjzKLJ1eAjQN__8A3Q-fXt2NCtzqYXScC6GEsbVAvFQvjZEGlXVGmBGZTlxlZewwhPrgFfUkiongOAoCyhLGUGVgmBqNaEP0U4XOrePsPXMA8ozvNGE2corqh1RXFSH_NB7agtUrke2XYwZNdp0rCaAiYwj1UZLtNkSBXoTh3_TN-bDTh-E5dc2T6-24a62SlrnNGPGU-BlUrpGeGUoE4YVaD8ab_0HffvXnQp0sDbo9c140wwzLx6nqM6FVd_KGsglr0RToEej-TfPWAExFEBlCyS2HGPrJbZbuotvKbl31XDKJH38_6d6jnbB-9sPJ6fvn6DbSdGQVDYHaGdYrtxTAEqDfpZmwB-2rRRa |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coinfection+with+different+Trypanosoma+cruzi+strains+interferes+with+the+host+immune+response+to+infection&rft.jtitle=PLoS+neglected+tropical+diseases&rft.au=Claudiney+Melqu%C3%ADades+Rodrigues&rft.au=Helder+Magno+Silva+Valadares&rft.au=Amanda+Fortes+Francisco&rft.au=Jerusa+Marilda+Arantes&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science+%28PLoS%29&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e846&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000846&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_95e6da8deeb44cf396088e97fac347c4 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1935-2735&client=summon |