Crete: does farming explain urban and rural differences in atopy?
Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective. Objective We aimed to compare the preval...
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Published in | Clinical and experimental allergy Vol. 31; no. 12; pp. 1822 - 1828 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Science, Ltd
01.12.2001
Blackwell Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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Abstract | Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective.
Objective We aimed to compare the prevalence of atopy in urban and rural children living in Crete and to examine the role of early exposure to a farming environment in explaining any measured differences.
Methods A cross‐sectional survey of children attending secondary schools in Iraklion, the capital city, and five villages 100 km to the south. Atopy was determined by the responses to skin prick tests with seven common aeroallergens.
Results Nine‐nundred and ninety‐seven children participated in the survey. 19.6% of those living in Iraklion, but only 9.6% of those from the villages, had a positive response to one or more skin prick tests. Among urban children there were significant gradients in the prevalence of atopy across several categories of animal contact and consumption of farm (unpasteurized) milk products – before the age of 5 years. These differences, however, were not apparent among the rural children. |
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AbstractList | Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective.
Objective We aimed to compare the prevalence of atopy in urban and rural children living in Crete and to examine the role of early exposure to a farming environment in explaining any measured differences.
Methods A cross‐sectional survey of children attending secondary schools in Iraklion, the capital city, and five villages 100 km to the south. Atopy was determined by the responses to skin prick tests with seven common aeroallergens.
Results Nine‐nundred and ninety‐seven children participated in the survey. 19.6% of those living in Iraklion, but only 9.6% of those from the villages, had a positive response to one or more skin prick tests. Among urban children there were significant gradients in the prevalence of atopy across several categories of animal contact and consumption of farm (unpasteurized) milk products – before the age of 5 years. These differences, however, were not apparent among the rural children. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non-European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective. We aimed to compare the prevalence of atopy in urban and rural children living in Crete and to examine the role of early exposure to a farming environment in explaining any measured differences. A cross-sectional survey of children attending secondary schools in Iraklion, the capital city, and five villages 100 km to the south. Atopy was determined by the responses to skin prick tests with seven common aeroallergens. Nine-nundred and ninety-seven children participated in the survey. 19.6% of those living in Iraklion, but only 9.6% of those from the villages, had a positive response to one or more skin prick tests. Among urban children there were significant gradients in the prevalence of atopy across several categories of animal contact and consumption of farm (unpasteurized) milk products - before the age of 5 years. These differences, however, were not apparent among the rural children. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non-European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective. We aimed to compare the prevalence of atopy in urban and rural children living in Crete and to examine the role of early exposure to a farming environment in explaining any measured differences. A cross-sectional survey of children attending secondary schools in Iraklion, the capital city, and five villages 100 km to the south. Atopy was determined by the responses to skin prick tests with seven common aeroallergens. Nine-hundred and ninety-seven children participated in the survey. 19.6% of those living in Iraklion, but only 9.6% of those from the villages, had a positive response to one or more skin prick tests. Among urban children there were significant gradients in the prevalence of atopy across several categories of animal contact and consumption of farm (unpasteurized) milk products--before the age of 5 years. These differences, however, were not apparent among the rural children. Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within Europe, where such variations are less striking, a farm childhood has been postulated to be protective. Objective We aimed to compare the prevalence of atopy in urban and rural children living in Crete and to examine the role of early exposure to a farming environment in explaining any measured differences. Methods A cross‐sectional survey of children attending secondary schools in Iraklion, the capital city, and five villages 100 km to the south. Atopy was determined by the responses to skin prick tests with seven common aeroallergens. Results Nine‐nundred and ninety‐seven children participated in the survey. 19.6% of those living in Iraklion, but only 9.6% of those from the villages, had a positive response to one or more skin prick tests. Among urban children there were significant gradients in the prevalence of atopy across several categories of animal contact and consumption of farm (unpasteurized) milk products – before the age of 5 years. These differences, however, were not apparent among the rural children. |
Author | Bibakis, I. Harris, J. Drakonakis, N. Bibaki-Liakou, V. Cullinan, P. Hole, A. M. Newman Taylor, A. J. Athanasaki, P. Chatzinikolaou, M. Barnes, M. MacNeill, S. Kalogeraki, S. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. surname: Barnes fullname: Barnes, M. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 2 givenname: P. surname: Cullinan fullname: Cullinan, P. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 3 givenname: P. surname: Athanasaki fullname: Athanasaki, P. organization: Anti-tuberculosis Unit, Venezalion Hospital, Iraklion, Crete – sequence: 4 givenname: S. surname: MacNeill fullname: MacNeill, S. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 5 givenname: A. M. surname: Hole fullname: Hole, A. M. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 6 givenname: J. surname: Harris fullname: Harris, J. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 7 givenname: S. surname: Kalogeraki fullname: Kalogeraki, S. organization: Anti-tuberculosis Unit, Venezalion Hospital, Iraklion, Crete – sequence: 8 givenname: M. surname: Chatzinikolaou fullname: Chatzinikolaou, M. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 9 givenname: N. surname: Drakonakis fullname: Drakonakis, N. organization: Anti-tuberculosis Unit, Venezalion Hospital, Iraklion, Crete – sequence: 10 givenname: V. surname: Bibaki-Liakou fullname: Bibaki-Liakou, V. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 11 givenname: A. J. surname: Newman Taylor fullname: Newman Taylor, A. J. organization: Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine (NHLI) and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK, and – sequence: 12 givenname: I. surname: Bibakis fullname: Bibakis, I. organization: Anti-tuberculosis Unit, Venezalion Hospital, Iraklion, Crete |
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Keywords | Human Preschool age Allergy Immunopathology Rural environment Urban environment Prick test Epidemiology Atopy Crest Cross sectional study Child Farming Skin test |
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Snippet | Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within... Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non-European countries. Within Europe, where... Background Urban‐rural differences in the prevalence of atopy and associated allergic diseases have been reported in several non‐European countries. Within... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Agriculture Allergic diseases Animals Animals, Domestic asthma atopy Biological and medical sciences Child Child Welfare childhood Cross-Sectional Studies Environmental Exposure - adverse effects farming Female General aspects Greece - epidemiology Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate - etiology Immunopathology Male Medical sciences Milk Hypersensitivity - etiology Prevalence rural Rural Health School Health Services urban Urban Health |
Title | Crete: does farming explain urban and rural differences in atopy? |
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