Fecal Source Tracking in A Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation System Using Multiple Waterborne Gastroenteritis Viruses

Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’a...

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Published inPathogens (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 4; p. 170
Main Authors Ji, Zheng, Wang, Xiaochang C., Xu, Limei, Zhang, Chongmiao, Rong, Cheng, Rachmadi, Andri Taruna, Amarasiri, Mohan, Okabe, Satoshi, Funamizu, Naoyuki, Sano, Daisuke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 30.09.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Aerosols
Anaerobic processes
Anaerobic treatment
Artificial lakes
Bacteria
Bioreactors
Chlorine
Contamination
Disinfectants
Disinfection
Effluents
Epidemiology
fecal source tracking
Feces
Gastroenteritis
Genotyping
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Lakes
Microorganisms
Pathogens
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Public health
Raw sewage
Reclaimed water
Reclamation
Reverse transcription
Rotavirus
Sewage
Sewage disposal
Suburban areas
viral contamination
Viruses
wastewater reclamation
Wastewater renovation
Wastewater treatment
Water analysis
Water consumption
Water quality
Water reclamation
Water sampling
Water treatment
Water use
waterborne gastroenteritis viruses
wastewater reclamation
viral contamination
fecal source tracking
waterborne gastroenteritis viruses
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Abstract Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
AbstractList Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi'an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi'an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi'an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
Author Funamizu, Naoyuki
Rong, Cheng
Ji, Zheng
Amarasiri, Mohan
Okabe, Satoshi
Rachmadi, Andri Taruna
Xu, Limei
Sano, Daisuke
Wang, Xiaochang C.
Zhang, Chongmiao
AuthorAffiliation 6 Department, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan; n_funamizu@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp
3 Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; andri.rachmadi@kaust.edu.sa
1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; jizheng@snnu.edu.cn
2 Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; xcwang@xauat.edu.cn (X.C.W.); Xulimei@sdau.edu.cn (L.X.); cmzhang@xauat.edu.cn (C.Z.); chenrong@xauat.edu.cn (C.R.)
4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-85
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; mohan.amarasiri.b5@tohoku.ac.jp
– name: 3 Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; andri.rachmadi@kaust.edu.sa
– name: 2 Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; xcwang@xauat.edu.cn (X.C.W.); Xulimei@sdau.edu.cn (L.X.); cmzhang@xauat.edu.cn (C.Z.); chenrong@xauat.edu.cn (C.R.)
– name: 5 Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 011-Mizumoto-cho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan; sokabe@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
– name: 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; jizheng@snnu.edu.cn
– name: 6 Department, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan; n_funamizu@mmm.muroran-it.ac.jp
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Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Issue 4
Keywords wastewater reclamation
viral contamination
fecal source tracking
waterborne gastroenteritis viruses
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Snippet Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were...
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StartPage 170
SubjectTerms Aerosols
Anaerobic processes
Anaerobic treatment
Artificial lakes
Bacteria
Bioreactors
Chlorine
Contamination
Disinfectants
Disinfection
Effluents
Epidemiology
fecal source tracking
Feces
Gastroenteritis
Genotyping
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Lakes
Microorganisms
Pathogens
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Public health
Raw sewage
Reclaimed water
Reclamation
Reverse transcription
Rotavirus
Sewage
Sewage disposal
Suburban areas
viral contamination
Viruses
wastewater reclamation
Wastewater renovation
Wastewater treatment
Water analysis
Water consumption
Water quality
Water reclamation
Water sampling
Water treatment
Water use
waterborne gastroenteritis viruses
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Title Fecal Source Tracking in A Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation System Using Multiple Waterborne Gastroenteritis Viruses
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574994
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2549101677
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2300180995
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6963801
https://doaj.org/article/ba0fe2fa2e464cb68f1a4c93a16881db
Volume 8
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